Ch3- Cells Flashcards
Cell
The building blocks of all living things
Cell membrane
structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out
Cytosol
structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out
Chlorophyll
the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water
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Chloroplast
oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis
Chromosome
tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information
Cytoplasm
the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles
Cytokinesis
the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells
Disinfectant
chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects
Eukaryote
member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells
Guard cell
cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma
Light microscope
instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times
Multicellular
An organism with multiple cells
Micrometre
a length of one millionth of a metre
Nucleus
The brain of the cell
DNA
Genetic material that is found inside the cell
Nanometre
a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre
Epidermis
outermost layer of the skin
Antiseptic
mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes
Antibiotics
substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body
Mitosis
cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
Phloem cell
type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant
Prokaryotes
the kingdom of organisms that consist of single cells with a nucleus not surrounded by a membrane or a cell wall, commonly called bacteria
Ribosomes
small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made
Stomato
small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma
Scanning electron microscope
A microscope that use laser to magnify things
Translocation
transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants
Unicellular
Organisms that only have one cell
Xylem cell
pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength
