Ch 9- Sedimentary, Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks

Question 1

Batholiths

Answer 1

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 2

Coal

Answer 2

a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

Question 3

Conglomerate rock

Answer 3

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

Question 4

Crystal

Answer 4

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

Question 5

Extrusive rock

Answer 5

igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

Question 6

Erosion

Answer 6

surface processes ,such as water flow or wind, that remove soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust, then transport it away to another location

Question 7

Fossil

Answer 7

any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

Question 8

Igneous rock

Answer 8

rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

Question 9

Intrusive rock

Answer 9

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

Question 10

Lava

Answer 10

Magma that is above the surface

Question 11

Limestone

Answer 11

a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

Question 12

Lithosphere

Answer 12

the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle

Question 13

Mohs scale

Answer 13

A way to understand the hardness of a rock

Question 14

Magma

Answer 14

a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

Question 15

Metamorphic rock

Answer 15

rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure (or both)

Question 16

Mineral ore

Answer 16

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

Question 17

Native elements

Answer 17

elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust

Question 18

Open-cut mining

Answer 18

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

Question 19

Palaeontologist

Answer 19

A scientist who studies fossils

Question 20

Rock cycle

Answer 20

The cycle of how rocks are made and how they change

Question 21

Sediment

Answer 21

material broken down by weathering and erosion that is moved by wind or water and collects in layers

Question 22

Sedimentary rock

Answer 22

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

Question 23

Trace fossil

Answer 23

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

Question 24

Underground mining

Answer 24

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

Question 25

Floodplain

Answer 25

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods