Ch.3 Articular System Flashcards
Gliding (plane)
- what is it
- degree of freedom
- example
- flattened slightly curved
- Nonaxial
- Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, AC and verterbralcostal joints
Hinge (Ginglymus)
- what is it
- degree of freedom
- example
- convex surface on one bone fits into concave bone
- uniaxial
- elbow joint, knee joint, interphalangeal
Condylar (Ellipsoid)
- oval surface of one bone fits into oval shaped depression
- biaxial (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, cicumduction)
- radiocarpal joint, metacatpophalangeal joints 2-5
Saddle Joints
- saddle shaped surface of one bone articulates with articular surface of another bone fitting into “saddle”
- biaxial (flexion, extension, abducution, adduction, circumduction)
- carpometapcarpal of thumb
Pivot joints
- rounded surface of bone articulates with a ring formed by another bone
- uniaxial
- atlanto-axial, radio-ulnar
Ball and socket
- ball of bone sits in socket
- triaxial
- shoulder/hip joint
articulating surfaces of synovial joints are covered by _____ which prevents bones from touching
articular (hyaline) cartilage
joint space contains synovial fluid
joint cavity
__ has two layers; one outer fibrous capsule and one inner synovial membrane continuous with the periosteum and functions to strengthens joins so bones are not pulled apart
Articular capsule
__ is a connective tissue membrane that makes up the inner layer of the articular capsule
synovial membrane
synovial membrane consists of
connective (areolar and adipose) tissue and synoviocytes (cells of the membrane)
Type A synovial cells
macrophage-like; that wear and tear debris from synovial fluid
Tybe B synovial cells
fibroblastic-like; produce hyaluronan and act as a lubricant
Synovial fluid consists mainly of
- interstitial fluid
- hyaluronan
Interstitial fluid is filters from _____ and diffused from ___ into
plasma membrane; capillaries
Synovial fluid functions:
- lubricates joint to reduce friction
- provides nutrients and waste disposal
- provides shock absorption
Fat pads
- localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a synovial membrane
- superficial to joint capsule
- protect articular cartilages
small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues and cushion movement against these tissues
bursa(e)
Bursa have 2 layers what are they?
Outer: dense connective tissue
Inner: synovial membrane
tube like bursa that wraps around a tendon where is crosses bone surfaces protecting all sides of a tendon from friction as the tendon slides back and forth
Synovial tendon sheath
complete separation of 2 articulating surfaces of a joint; associated with acute trauma
dislocation
partial dislocation of join; can occur over time; due to acute trauma
subluxation
Also known as degenerative joint disease, wear-and-tear arthritis
osteoarthritis
T/F osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease
true
Affects of osteoarthritis
- gradual loss of articular cartilage
- bony outgrowths (osteophytes)
- mild synovial inflammation
symptoms of osteoarthritis
- joint pain
- limited ROM
- joint instability and deformity
partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers
sprain
over stretching of tearing of the fibers in a muscle or tendon
strain
inflammation of tendon
tendonitis
symptoms of tendonitis
- pain and burning in affected area
- decreased strength and flexibility
- pain with activity
intratendinous degeneration (stress)
tendinosis
T/F tendinosis has inflammation
F no inflammation
T/F tedninosis is due ti chronic overuse
T
inflammation of synovial membrane
synnovitis
T/F synnovitis can be due to inflammation and infection
T
inflammation of tendon sheath
Tenosynovitis
T/F tenosynovitis can be due to only inflammatory disease and infection
F - and overuse
inflammation of bursa
bursitis
T/F inflammation of bursa can be due to infection, trauma and overuse
T
inflammation of join capsule
capsulitis
capsulitis leads to
joint stiffness and restriction fo movement
when a joint capsule is inflamed for an extended period of time
capsular pattern
capsular pattern leads to
loss of extensibility and ROM
