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Kinesiology > Ch.3 Articular System > Flashcards

Ch.3 Articular System Flashcards

1
Q

Gliding (plane)

  • what is it
  • degree of freedom
  • example
A
  • flattened slightly curved
  • Nonaxial
  • Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, AC and verterbralcostal joints
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2
Q

Hinge (Ginglymus)

  • what is it
  • degree of freedom
  • example
A
  • convex surface on one bone fits into concave bone
  • uniaxial
  • elbow joint, knee joint, interphalangeal
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3
Q

Condylar (Ellipsoid)

A
  • oval surface of one bone fits into oval shaped depression
  • biaxial (flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, cicumduction)
  • radiocarpal joint, metacatpophalangeal joints 2-5
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4
Q

Saddle Joints

A
  • saddle shaped surface of one bone articulates with articular surface of another bone fitting into “saddle”
  • biaxial (flexion, extension, abducution, adduction, circumduction)
  • carpometapcarpal of thumb
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5
Q

Pivot joints

A
  • rounded surface of bone articulates with a ring formed by another bone
  • uniaxial
  • atlanto-axial, radio-ulnar
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6
Q

Ball and socket

A
  • ball of bone sits in socket
  • triaxial
  • shoulder/hip joint
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7
Q

articulating surfaces of synovial joints are covered by _____ which prevents bones from touching

A

articular (hyaline) cartilage

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8
Q

joint space contains synovial fluid

A

joint cavity

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9
Q

__ has two layers; one outer fibrous capsule and one inner synovial membrane continuous with the periosteum and functions to strengthens joins so bones are not pulled apart

A

Articular capsule

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10
Q

__ is a connective tissue membrane that makes up the inner layer of the articular capsule

A

synovial membrane

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11
Q

synovial membrane consists of

A

connective (areolar and adipose) tissue and synoviocytes (cells of the membrane)

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12
Q

Type A synovial cells

A

macrophage-like; that wear and tear debris from synovial fluid

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13
Q

Tybe B synovial cells

A

fibroblastic-like; produce hyaluronan and act as a lubricant

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14
Q

Synovial fluid consists mainly of

A
  • interstitial fluid

- hyaluronan

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15
Q

Interstitial fluid is filters from _____ and diffused from ___ into

A

plasma membrane; capillaries

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16
Q

Synovial fluid functions:

A
  • lubricates joint to reduce friction
  • provides nutrients and waste disposal
  • provides shock absorption
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17
Q

Fat pads

A
  • localized masses of adipose tissue covered by a synovial membrane
  • superficial to joint capsule
  • protect articular cartilages
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18
Q

small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues and cushion movement against these tissues

A

bursa(e)

19
Q

Bursa have 2 layers what are they?

A

Outer: dense connective tissue
Inner: synovial membrane

20
Q

tube like bursa that wraps around a tendon where is crosses bone surfaces protecting all sides of a tendon from friction as the tendon slides back and forth

A

Synovial tendon sheath

21
Q

complete separation of 2 articulating surfaces of a joint; associated with acute trauma

A

dislocation

22
Q

partial dislocation of join; can occur over time; due to acute trauma

A

subluxation

23
Q

Also known as degenerative joint disease, wear-and-tear arthritis

A

osteoarthritis

24
Q

T/F osteoarthritis is the most common type of joint disease

A

true

25
Q

Affects of osteoarthritis

A
  • gradual loss of articular cartilage
  • bony outgrowths (osteophytes)
  • mild synovial inflammation
26
Q

symptoms of osteoarthritis

A
  • joint pain
  • limited ROM
  • joint instability and deformity
27
Q

partial or complete tearing of ligament fibers

A

sprain

28
Q

over stretching of tearing of the fibers in a muscle or tendon

A

strain

29
Q

inflammation of tendon

A

tendonitis

30
Q

symptoms of tendonitis

A
  • pain and burning in affected area
  • decreased strength and flexibility
  • pain with activity
31
Q

intratendinous degeneration (stress)

A

tendinosis

32
Q

T/F tendinosis has inflammation

A

F no inflammation

33
Q

T/F tedninosis is due ti chronic overuse

A

T

34
Q

inflammation of synovial membrane

A

synnovitis

35
Q

T/F synnovitis can be due to inflammation and infection

A

T

36
Q

inflammation of tendon sheath

A

Tenosynovitis

37
Q

T/F tenosynovitis can be due to only inflammatory disease and infection

A

F - and overuse

38
Q

inflammation of bursa

A

bursitis

39
Q

T/F inflammation of bursa can be due to infection, trauma and overuse

A

T

40
Q

inflammation of join capsule

A

capsulitis

41
Q

capsulitis leads to

A

joint stiffness and restriction fo movement

42
Q

when a joint capsule is inflamed for an extended period of time

A

capsular pattern

43
Q

capsular pattern leads to

A

loss of extensibility and ROM

Kinesiology (5 decks)

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