Ch.3 - 4: Planning history Flashcards
Where power lies in our governmental structure
As the constitution doesn’t mention substate units, municipalities are creatures - with only power being what granted to them by states.
Earliest cities with planned street grid patterns
Post revolution - facilitate land sub div and speculation.p32.Focus on industry/commerial growth early 19th century.
Planning and relation to public health issues in 19th century
Water carrage design sewage - survey info and topology of city and population. Dark damp places bad for health, need open space, thogh, ventality, ie means to prevent excessive density of development
Frederick law Olmsted
Premier designer/planner 2nd half 20c. Integrated design, contour land for sewage, accounting for swampy land, open paces, plantings. Maleria Communities, plus central park.Planing good to extent reduced disease. Shared other preoccu of 19th planners = provision of urban parkland. Prospect park central park.
City beautiful movement- what started it
Infuenced by ideas of municipal art, civic improvment. 1803 columbian expo - integration landscaping, halls, saw by many.Focus on what munis had control, public spaces, bldgs, streets, muni. Mall @DC
Municipal improvement movements- how correlate to zoning
These movements focused on pubic controlled spehere.
Plan of Chicago- why it was model for future plans
Regional plan, took public acceptions, comprehensive, sugg public trans. Long time horizon. Weak for lack of revising,focus on land structures, not social isues, no participation of public
First zoning ordinance- where
New York 1916
Community master planning- strengths and weaknesses
Strength: Zoning, Street Pattern Transit, Public recreation, civic art. Weekness: Neglected housing, public capital investments, no citizen participation.
Important national planning policies:
a
Urban renewal
a
Interstate highway system
First planning during depress, put off by wwii, started with Ntl defense Highway Act of 1956.
Federal housing subsidies
a
Federal funding for local planning
Has not gone v/far in direct as european countries, housing build for profit p37. B
Statewide planning
Rose in the 20s, States lack intelligble boundries, but have political structure.
