CH3 Flashcards
cognition involves several process including?
attention, memory, perception and learning.
what is knowledge ?
- Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something,
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design Implication for attention
- make information salient when it needs attending to
- Use techniques that makes things stand out like colour, ordering, spacing, underlining, sequencing and animation
- avoid cluttering the interface : cluttering the interface may overwhelm the user.
what are the techniques to guide attention?
- Partition screen using windows
- colors
- Alerting techniques
- spatial / temporal cues (الاشارات الزمانيه والمكانيه)
how to guide attention for different priorities of information?
- Important information : needs immediate attention
- less urgent information : less prominent but specific
- Information not needed very often : don’t display it
what are the other coding and visual attention guiding techniques?
- Differing intensity
- shapes
- colors
- underlining
- Character size and font
- movement
- sound or synthesized speech
design implication for perception and recognition?
- representation of information need to be designed to be perceptible and recognizable
- Icons and other graphical representations should enable users to readily distinguish their meaning
- Bordering and spacing are effective visual ways of grouping information
- sounds should be able audible and distinguishable
- speech output should enable users to distinguish between the set of spoken words
- Text should ne legible and distinguishable form the background
- people take less time to locate items for information that was grouped
Design Implication for Memory?
- don’t overload user’s memories with complicated procedures for carrying out tasks
- constant danger of overloading STM with unnecessary info.
- Provide users with variety of ways of encoding digital information to help them remember where they have stored these information
(provide cues to help user recognize rather than recall information) - Provide External representations at the interface that reduce memory load and facilitate computational offloading.
- Visualization of information designed to allow people to make sense and rapid decisions about masses of data.
Implication of learning?
- designing interface that encourages exploration
- designing interface that constrain and guide users to select appropriate actions
How to reduce memory load?
Externalizing
- use external resources to store information such as:
- Diaries, reminders, calendars, nots shopping lists, todo lists
- external representations :
- that remind us we need to do something.
- remind us of what to do.
- remind us when to something.
how people connect their actions with screen displays ?
through repetitive patterns of actions
how the design can help users use the device or software?
must provide consistencies (and patterns ) that help the user learn to use the device
good examples for things that help automatic learning?
- User actions comes in patterns always involves the same numbers of steps
- Consistence and standards
why avoiding the use of potentially dangerous repetitive patterns of users actions
- automatic learning may lead to a disaster how ?
- Sequence of confirmation steps that require 20 yes an 2 no
- the user may keep press yes at all the steps
Design Implication for READING SPEAKING AND LISETENING?
- keep the length of speech-based menus and instruction to a minimum
- people find it hard to follow spoken menus with more than three or four options
- providing the opportunity of making text large on screen without affecting the formatting for people find it hard to read small text
