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HCI > CH2 > Flashcards

CH2 Flashcards

1
Q

People are a component of HCI system 

what We need to take into account

A
  • cognitive processes involved and cognitive limitations of the user
  • how we process information
  • how we structure our actions
  • how we communicate between ourselves and artifacts (computer, machines)
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2
Q

what we need to understand about the user?

A
  • the physical and psychological requirements
  • what users can and cannot be expected to do
  • the nature and causes of problems users encounter
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3
Q

Better understanding of our users can lead to?

A

design better interactive products through:

  • supply of theories
  • modelling tools and methods
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4
Q

information processing has been used as?

A

a basis for understanding user interaction

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5
Q

what human process model do or how it works?

A
  • models the information processes of a user interacting with a computer
  • predicts which cognitive processes are involved when a user interacts with a computer
  • enables calculations to be made of how long a user will take to carry out of a task.
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6
Q

the model of human processor the brain viewed as three interacting subsystems what are they?

A
  • Perceptual systemstorage of signals form senses
    • images, sounds
  • cognitive systemthink , analyze and recall form long term memorystorage in STM / working memory
  • motor
    • called when physical response is required
    • transmit signals to muscles
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7
Q

what is cognition?

A

cognition is what goes on in our minds when we carry out everyday activities.

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8
Q

what doses the mind do?

A
  • Perceiving - learning - remembering
  • controlling actions
  • thinking - emotions
  • Planning - imagining - creating
  • understanding language and others
  • communicating with others
  • making decisions- solving problems
  • Daydreaming and other mental processes / phenomena
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9
Q

what dose cognitive process involves?

A
  1. Thinking, learning
  2. Remembering
  3. Seeing, Reading, Writing, speaking, and listening
  4. Problem- solving, planning, reasoning, and decision making, learning
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10
Q

what dose cognitive processes require?

A
  1. Attention
  2. Memory
  3. Perception and recognition (التصور والتميز)
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11
Q

what is attention?

A

Is the process of selecting thigs to concentrate on at a point in time form range of mass of stimuli around us

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12
Q

what dose attention involves?

A
  • It involves out auditory an our visual senses
  • Allows us to focus in information that is relevant to what we are doing
  • Involves audio and / or visual senses
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13
Q

attention allows us to?

A

focus on information that is relevant to what we are doing

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14
Q

focused and divided attention?

A

enables us to be selective in term of the mass of computing stimuli but limit our ability to keep track of all events

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15
Q

the extent of focus process is easy or difficult depends on?

A
  • OUR GOLAS

- INFORMATION PRESENTATION

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16
Q

having clear goals helps attention how?

A

IF we have a clear goals we try to match this with the information that is available.

if we are not sure exactly what we are looking for we may browse through information allowing it to guide our attention to interesting items.

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17
Q

what is The Perceptual System?

A

perception refers to how information is acquired from the environment, via the different sense organs (eye, ears … etc ) and transformed into experience of object, events, sounds, and taste

18
Q

what perception involves?

A
  • the use of our sense to detect information

- other cognitive processes such as memory, attention, and language.

19
Q

Why Study perception? 3 reasons

A
  • the understanding of how we put together the basic features
  • the understanding how information is acquired form the world and transformed into experiences
  • Identify / correct environmental hazards
  • design devices
    • Optimize perceptual performance.
    • ## Design for people with perceptual impairment.Perception and pleasure
  • 😍 Visual art/music/gourmet cuisine engage sensory system in ways that we find pleasurable
  • understand perception allow us to heighten or sensory experience

understand perception allow us to heighten or sensory experience

20
Q

Human memory storage processing system

A
21
Q

how sensory storage works?

A

Holds information from the the eye ( iconic storage ) and ears (echoic storage )

22
Q

how long the information remain in the sensory memory?

A

less than one second after which it must enter the short term memory or it well be lost

23
Q

information from sensory memory must be transferred to __ ?

A
  • working memory or

- short term memory

24
Q

what is short term memory?

A

memory that can hold a limited amount of information in a very accessible state temporarily.

25
Q

what are the short term memory characteristics?

A
  • working memory
  • can be accessed rapidly and it also decays rapidly
  • temporary storage buffer
    • 20-30 sec or more with rehearsal
  • symbolically coded information l
  • limited capacity
  • used for storage and decision making
  • Recency effect
    • recent input overwrite storage
26
Q

what is magic number theory?

A

George Millar’s theory of how much information people can remember

27
Q

How it works? (magic number theory)

A

Information can be grouped into chunks so that we can increase our short term memory to 7+/-2 chunks

28
Q

what is long term memory?

A
  • long term memory refers to the storage of information for extended periods
  • stores every thing we know : facts , experiences, knowledge, procedural rules of behavior.
  • It has huge capacity
  • It has a relatively slow access compared to short term memory
  • Forgetting also occurs slowly.
29
Q

Processing in memory?

How memory process data?

A
  • Encoding is the first stage of memory
    • determines which information is attended to in the environment and how it is interpreted.
  • context s important in affecting our memory
  • well known fact that we recognize things much better than being able to recall things.
    • better remembering images than words
30
Q

Why interfaces are largely visual?

A

cuz we recognize things much better than recall things.

31
Q

Why context in important?

A
  • context affect extent to which information ca be subsequently retrieved
  • some times it can be difficult for people to recall information that was encoded in a different context
32
Q

give example of why context is important

A

you are in a train and someone comes to you and says hello . you didn’t recognize him for a few moments but then you realized he is one of your neighbor in the hallways of your apartment block

seeing him out of the context makes it difficult to recognize initially.

33
Q

activity also affect in memorizing

A
  • people are good at remembering visual cues about things

- the color of items, locations of object and marks on an object.

34
Q

why its harder for people to remember arbitrary materials

A

cuz people are good at remembering visual cues about things

35
Q

what can help to increase memory capacity?

A

patterns and meanings helps to increase capacity of short term memory

36
Q

learning can be conceded in term of ?

A
  • how we use computer-based application
  • using a computer based application to understand a given topic
  • users don’t read manuals but prefer to learn though doing
  • GUI and direct manipulation interfaces are good environment for supporting this kind of learning by supporting exploration
37
Q

what are the three forms of language processing?

A
  • Reading
  • Speaking
  • Listening
38
Q

what are the properties of these three forms?

A
  • the meaning of the sentence or phrase is the same regardless of the mode in which it is conveyed
  • the eases of the which people can read , listen, or speak depends on the person the task and the context.

explain (go to notion)

39
Q

what are the cognitive processes involving reflective cognition?

A
  • Problem solving
  • planning
  • reasoning
  • decision making
40
Q

HOW?

A
  • They include thinking about what to do
  • what the options are
  • and what the consequences might be of carrying out a given action

HCI (2 decks)

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