#CH27 NON-LITERAL MEANING:

Question 1

WHAT IDIOMS?

Answer 1

Idiomatic expressions /Idioms=
+MULTI-WORD PHRASES
+ MEAN unpredictable,
+SPEAKER MEANS
+ NOT combine senses of
indi words phrase

Question 2

WHAT METAPHOR?

Answer 2

Metaphors =
+ CONCEPTUAL (MENTAL) OPERATIONS
+ human
language
+ SP ABST areas+
KNOWL & EXPE -> MORE CONCRETE expe terms

Ex: my CAR is a LEMON & DR jones is a BUTCHER.

NEGATIVE , +LEMONS -SOUR
+ BUTCHERS MESSY & ROUGH THEIR WORK.

Question 3

WHAT ORIENTATIONAL META?

Answer 3

ORIENTATIONAL META -> CONCEPTS SPATIAL ORIENT by
+ABST KNOWL + EXPE
how human understand orient
ex: physical space, i.e. up vs down, front vs back, etc.
+ABST NOTION of BEING
happy + up : i’m feeling up today,
that movie boosted my spirits, her spirits rose at the news.
->META happy is up.

Question 4

WHAT ONTOLOGICAL META?

Answer 4

ONTOLOGICAL METAPHORS -> STRUCTURE UNDERSTANDING of ABSTRACT
CONCEPTS& EXPERIENCES, SUCH AS
+events,
+activities,
+emotions,
+ideas, etc.,
OUR EXPERIENCE + PHYSICAL OBJECTS + SUBSTANCES
WORLD.

Question 5

EX of ONTOLOGICAL META?

Answer 5

EX meta inflation ->ONTOLOGICAL META .
(1)inflation is lowering our standard of living.
(2) inflation is
increasing every year.
(3) the negative aspects of inflation far outweigh the
positive ones.
(4)inflation is ruining our economy.
(5) we have to fight inflation
or it will conquer us.
FUNCTIONS
+ quantify it (2),
+identify particular aspect of it (3),
+ see it as a cause (1,4),
+ act +respect to it (5),

Question 6

WHAT PERSONIFICATION?

Answer 6

PERSONIFICATION
+ PARTICULAR SUBTYPE of ONTOLOGICAL METAPHOR
+ ABSTRACT entity -> PHYSICAL object
+ being PERSON.

Question 7

EX of PERSONIFICATION?

Answer 7

ex of personification:
(1) that theory explains everything you need to know about metaphor.
(2) i think that life has cheated me out of any hope of happiness. (3) cancer finally caught up with him

Question 8

WHAT METONYMY?

Answer 8

METONYMY =
+KIND of NON-LITERAL LANGUAGE
+ 1 ENTITY -> ANO ENTITY
ex :
The ham sandwich in the next booth is waiting for his bill
->Mean person ordered ham sandwich is waiting for his bill.
-Place: Café / restaurant,

Question 9

WHAT STRUC META?

Answer 9

STRUC META =
*ABST META SYSTEMS
+ COMPLEX MENTAL CONCEPT
- MORE CONCRETE CONCEPT.
_MULTIPLE INDI lang ASPE of META
>< RESTRIC META ONLY
1 EXPRE)

Question 10

WHAT LANG 1DAY?

Answer 10

Ex: (1) her point of view is
indefensible. (2) they attacked everything we said. (3) i finally won/lost the
argument. (4) she defended her claim that the moon is habitable. (5) we
demolished their argument. (6) my strategy against their argument was weak.
(7) our criticism of his claim was right on target.

, lang 1day
+ NOT
EXCEPTIONAL / FIGURATIVE in nature,
+ USUAL WAY
AB INTELLE ARGU. ,
+ WORDS FR
AR OF EXPE
defend, attack, win, lose, etc.