ch27 Flashcards
What is the difference between an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine?
Aliphatic - nitrogen is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain
Aromatic - nitrogen is attached to an aromatic ring
What do amines often behave as?
Bases
How do amines behave as bases?
Nitrogen donates electron pair to H+
For the formation of primary amines, what is reacted together in the two steps?
Haloalkane and ammonia
Salt and sodium hydroxide
In primary amine formation, what is in excess and why?
Ammonia in excess
Prevents product from reacting with more of the haloalkane
In primary amine formation, what is the purpose of ethanol?
Solvent
Prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols
What are the two steps of forming a secondary amine from a primary amine?
Primary amine + CH3Br and ethanol as solvent
Salt product + NaOH forms secondary amine
How is phenylamine made from nitrobenzene?
Nitrobenzene heated under reflux with tin and HCl to form ammonium salt
Ammonium salt reacted with NaOH to produce phenylamine
What do tin and HCl act as in formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene?
Reducing agent
What is the general structure of an alpha amino acid?
Carbon attached to four groups: H, R, NH2 and COOH
Which two groups must amino acids contain?
Amine
Carboxyl
What is present in ester formation from amino acid?
Alcohol + amino acid
H2SO4
NaOH
What is the purpose of NaOH in amino acid esterification?
Free the base from the HSO4- salt of H2N- group
Amino acids are amphoteric, what does this mean?
Have acidic and basic properties
How can amino acids act as a base and an acid?
NH2 group acts as a base
COOH group acts as an acid
How can polyamides be formed from two monomers?
dicarboxylic acid + diamine
How are amides formed?
acyl chloride+ammonia and amines
What do optical isomers have in common?
found in molecules containing a chiral centre.
chiral centre- carbon attached to 4 different atoms/group of atoms
What is optical isomers / enantiomer?
non sumperimposable mirror images of eachother
What are the two monomer types that form polyesters?
alcohol and carboxylic acid
diol and carboxylic acid
How can polyesters be formed from one monomer?
condensation reaction
What is condensation polymerisation?
the joining of 2 monomers via condensation reaction ie with elimination of a small molecule like water or HCl
What is the common name for polyamides made from two monomers?
nylon
How can polyamides be formed from just one monomer?
containing COOH or acyl chloride and an amine group
