ch 11 Flashcards
whats a hydrocarbon
A compound containing only carbon and hydrogen.
What is the difference between a saturated and an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
A saturated hydrocarbon only has single bonds. Whereas an unsaturated hydrocarbon contains multiple bonds.
What is a homologous series?
A family of compounds with similar chemical properties differing by the addition of a group.
What is a functional group ?
The part of the organic molecule that is responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties.
What is an aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in straight chains.
What is an alicyclic hydrocarbon?
Carbon atoms are joined to each other in ring (cyclic) structures.
What is an aromatic hydrocarbon?
Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring.
What is the difference between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes?
Alkanes - single carbon carbon bonds
Alkenes - one or more carbon carbon double bond
Alkynes - one or more carbon carbon triple bond
What are the names of the first ten alkanes?
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, Pentane, Hexane, Heptane, Octane, Nonane and Decane.
What is the functional group and suffix for an alkene?
C=C
-ene
What is the functional group and suffix for an alcohol?
OH
- ol
What is the functional group and prefix for a haloalkane?
-Cl / -Br / -I
Chloro- / Bromo- / Iodo-
What is the functional group and suffix for an aldehyde?
CHO
- al
What is the functional group and suffix for a ketone?
C(CO)C-
- one
What is the functional group and suffix for a carboxylic acid?
COOH
- oic acid
What is a general formula?
the simplest algebraic formula to
represent a member of a homologous series
What is displayed formula?
shows the relative positioning of all the
atoms and all the bonds between them.
What is structural formula?
show the smallest necessary amount of detail to show the arrangement of
atoms in a molecule.
What is a structural isomer?
is when two or more molecules have the same molecular formula but a
different structural formula.
What is homolytic fission?
the bond breaks so that the bonding pair of electrons splits evenly
between the 2 atoms.
What is formed after homolytic fission?
2 radicals (radical is an atom or molecule with an unpaired
electron)
What is heterolytic fission?
when a bond breaks with one atom taking both the bonding electrons
What is formed from heterolytic fission?
(becoming an anion/ negative ion) and the other taking none (becoming a positive ion / cation).
What are curly arrows used to show?
movement of electron pairs when bonds are being broken or made
