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Biology 2 Lecture > Ch.24 > Flashcards

Ch.24 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a species?

A

A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, veritable offspring - but do not reproduce viable offspring with other groups

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2
Q

What are the two species concepts:

A

Biological species concept and morphological species concept

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3
Q

What is biological species concept?

A

Group of individuals that naturally interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring

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4
Q

What is morphological species concept?

A

Group of organisms that share similar characteristics
- distinguishes a species by body shape and other structural features

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5
Q

What makes each of the species concepts easy to work with? Challenging to work with?

A

Observing and waiting for the species to breed, some may never, or other like bacteria dosen’t

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6
Q

what is a hybrid?

A

Offspring form mating between two different species
Ex: donkey (male) and horse (females)= donkey (not a species because it can’t breed/produce offspiring)

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7
Q

What is speciation? What are the two kind?

A

Gene flow is reduced in species or populations and develops into a new species
- allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation

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8
Q

What is allopatric speciation?

A

“Other homeland” gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations forming a new species
- Is caused by Geographic Isolation

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9
Q

What is sympatric isolation and what are the different mechanisms behind it?

A

Speciation occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area
- polyploidy
- sexual selection
- habitat differation

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10
Q

What is polyploidy and what speciation is it apart of?

A

Sympatric speciation
Is the chromosomal alterations in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets
- is a result of accidental cell division
- changes in chromosome number during meiosis (from 18 to 36 or 54) result in offspring not being able to mate with member of parental type

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11
Q

What is a result of accidental cell division?

A

Polyploidy

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12
Q

What is sexual selection?

A

Can lead to speciation
- when the females will choose the males with similar characteristics or appearances

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13
Q

What is habitat differation?

A

A subpopulation exploits a habitat or resource not used by the parent population

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14
Q

What is the mechanism to speciation?

A

Reproductive isolation
- allopatric
- sympatric

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15
Q

What is reproductive isolation?

A

The existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from interbreeding and producing viable, fertile offspring

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16
Q

What are the two types of reproductive barriers?

A

Prezygotic: blocks mating/fertilizaiotn
Postzygotic: reduces hybrids becoming fertile adults

17
Q

What are the Prezygotic blocks to mating/fertilization? There are 5

A

Habitat isolation
Temporal isolation
Behavioral isolation
Mechanical isolation
Gametic isolation

18
Q

What are the postzygotic effects that reduce hybrids becoming fertile adults?

A

Reduced hybrid viability
Reduced hybrid fertility
Hybrid breakdown

19
Q

What is habitat isolation?

A

Two species live in habitats and rarely meet up, even if in the same area
Prezygotic

20
Q

What is temporal isolation?

A

Species breed at different times of the day, season, or years
Prezygotic

21
Q

What is behavioral isolation?

A

Courtship rituals are different between species
Prezygotic

22
Q

What is mechanical isolation?

A

Body parts of a species are arranged in a way that if mating is attempted, the parts don’t “fit” together
Prezygotic

23
Q

What is Gametic Isolation?

A

Sperm from one species is not able to fuse with the eggs from a different species
Prezygotic

24
Q

What is reduced hybrid viability?

A

Hybrid offspring do not develop correctly or survive
Postzygotic

25
Q

What is reduced hybrid fertility?

A

Hybrid offspring live but are sterile and cannot produce offspring
Postzygotic

26
Q

What is hybrid breakdown?

A

Second generation hybrids are not able to successfully mate with each other or their parental types
Postzygotic

Biology 2 Lecture (5 decks)

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