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A&P 2 > Ch.20 Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Ch.20 Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertension

A
  • Blood pressure too high

- Can damage vessels and lead to cardiovascular disease

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2
Q

Hypotention

A
  • Blood pressure too low
  • Occurs because body is deprived of nutrients
  • If it is severe it may cause death
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3
Q

What systems help maintain blood pressure?

A

Endocrine System
Nervous System
Urinary System

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4
Q

What are the types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

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5
Q

The walls of vessels are composed of layers called

A

Tunics

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6
Q

The inside space of vessels are called

A

Lumen

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7
Q

What artery is the largest?

A

Elastic Arteries

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8
Q

What arteries are elastic arteries?

A
  • Aorta
  • Pulmonary trunk
  • Common Carotid artery
  • Common iliac artery
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9
Q

Internal Elastic Lamina

A

Separates tunica intima and tunica media

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10
Q

External Elastic Lamina

A

Separates Tunica media and tunica externa

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11
Q

What are some muscular arteries?

A

Brachial artery, anterior tibia, coronary arteries

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12
Q

Vaso Vasorum

A

Small arteries required to supply very large vessels

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13
Q

Companion Vessels

A

arteries and veins that supply the same region

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14
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Disease of the elastic and muscular arteries due to the presence of plaque (atheroma)

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15
Q

What are the two main peripheral chemoreceptors?

A

Aortic bodies and carotid bodies

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16
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Specialized nerve endings that respond to the stretch in the blood vessel walls

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17
Q

When are histamine and bradykinin released

A

They are released in response to trauma, allergy, infection, and exercise

it causes vasodilation by directly stimulating arterioles

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18
Q

What vasoactive substances cause vasoconstriction?

A

prostaglandins and thromboxanes

they help prevent blood loss

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19
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

additional pressure on arteries when heart is contracting

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20
Q

Mean arterial pressure

A

average of blood pressure forces on arteries

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21
Q

Capillary Blood Pressure

A

By the time blood enters the capillary, systolic and diastolic pressure disappear meaning the pulse pressure is 0

Must be high enough for exchange of substances.

40mmhg at arteriole end
20mmhg at venous end

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22
Q

The companion vessels to arterioles are the

A

venules

23
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

a sensory cell or organ responsive to chemical stimuli

24
Q

What artery provides the main arterial supply to the lower limb

A

External Iliac artery

25
Q

What artery that provides the blood supply for the kidney

A

Middle suprarenal artery

26
Q

What artery that provides the blood supply for the Adrenal gland

A

Renal Artery

27
Q

What substance does the liver secrete?

A

angiotensiogen

28
Q

What substance does the kidney secrete?

A

Renin

29
Q

What substance does the lungs secrete?

A

angiotensiogen-coverting enzyme

30
Q

The two main baroreceptors for the cardiovasular system are the aortic arch baroreceptor and the

A

carotid sinus

31
Q

What hormones help regulate blood pressure?

A
  • Aldosterone
  • antidiuretic hormone
  • atrial natriuretic peptide
32
Q

What responds best to sudden, short-term changes in blood pressure, but they are not effective long-term or chronic blood pressure regulators

A

baroreceptors

33
Q

What superficial vein of the lower limb runs along the posterior calf before draining into the popliteal vein

A

Small saphenous vein

34
Q

What veins pass through the transverse foramina or the cervical vertebrae

A

Vertebral Veins

35
Q

What organs are supplied by the splenic artery?

A
  • Stomach
  • Pancreas
  • Spleen
36
Q

Which of the following arteries supply blood to the diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic arteries
Superior Phrenic arteries
Inferior Phrenic arteris

37
Q

What artery supplies blood to the lateral compartment leg muscles?

A

Fibular Artery

38
Q

What two arteries provide branches that supply the esophagus?

A

Decending thoracic aorta and Left gastric artery

39
Q

The internal iliac vein merges with the common iliac vein, which subsequently drains into the

A

inferior vena cava.

40
Q

Anastomosis

A

the site where two or more arteries (or two or more veins) converge to supply the same body region

41
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

Shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

42
Q

Ductus Venosus

A

Shunts blood away from the liver toward the inferior vena cava

43
Q

The vasa vasorum of very large blood vessels extends through the

A

Tunica externa

44
Q

Blood Pressure

A

The force per unit area that blood places on the inside wall of a blood vessel

45
Q

The fetus receives oxygen and nutrients directly from the mother through the

A

Placenta

46
Q

Which of the following paired arterial branched emerge from the sides of the descending aorta?

A
  • Gonadal Arteries
  • Renal Arteries
  • Middle Suprarenal arteries
47
Q

what venous network drains the GI tract and shunts blood to the liver for absorption and processing of transported materials?

A

Hepatic Portal System

48
Q

What blood vessels travel together and supply the same region?

A

Companion blood vessels (arteries and veins that accompany each other)

49
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries

A

have pores that permit small molecules to move out of the vessles

50
Q

Capillaried function together by forming a

A

Capillary bed

51
Q

The _____ artery enters the skull through the carotid canal and branches into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and opthalmic arteries

A

Internal Carotid

52
Q

Perfusion

A

The specific amount of blood entering the capillaries per unit time per gram of tissue

53
Q

Perfusion

A

The specific amount of blood entering the capillaries per unit time per gram of tissue

54
Q

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

A

decreases blood pressure by stimulating vasodialation and increasing urine output

A&P 2 (8 decks)

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