Ch2: Theories of Human Development Flashcards
What are psychosexual stages?
Freud’s set of five phases of development, associated with biological maturation and shifts in erotic desires
What is fixation?
Mental process whereby part of the sex drive remains tied to an early stage of development
What is a defense mechanism?
Mental process used to ward off anxiety caused by conflict between the impulses and social demands
What is Bronfenbrenner’s macrosystem?
larger cultural or subcultural context of development in his bioecological approach
What is Bronfenbrenner’s Exosystem?
Settings not experienced directly by individuals that still influence their development
What is Bronfenbrenners Mesosystem?
Set of interrelationships between microsystems or immediate environments?
Developmental stage
Period characterized by a set of abilities motives or emotions that form coherent pattern
Instinct
inborn bio force assumed to motivate a particular response or class of responses
Unconscious Motivation
Freud’s term for feelings and experiences that influence someone’s thinking even though they cannot be recalled
Psychoanalytic theory
idea that emphasizes unconscious motivations for behavior, conflicts within personality and stages of psychosexual development
Id
Psychoanalytic term for the inborn component of the personality that is driven by selfish urges
Superego
Psychoanalytic term for the component of the personality that consists of the individuals internalized moral standards
Ego
psychoanalytic term for the rational component of the personality
repression
mental process that involves removing unacceptable traumatic memories from conscousness
regression
mental process that involves retreatinng to an earlier stage of deeelopemn
psychosocial stages
eriksons set of 8 phases of development emphasizing influences more than biological urges
behaviorism
perspective that conclusions about human development can be base on controlled observations of overt actions
classical conditioning
learning in which stimuus can elicit a response by association with a stimulus already elicitng the response
operant conditioning
learning in which freely emitted acts become more or less probable dependimg on consequences thy bring
social cogniive theory
banduras hypothee that active pocessing of info lays a citical role in learnig behavior and development
latent learning
acquisition pf knowledge that occurs but is not evident in behavior
