CH1 Mastery

Question 1

Socioeconomic status SES

Answer 1

position people hold in community based on factors like income, education, occupation

Question 2

ethnicity

Answer 2

person’s classification in or affiliation with a group based on common heritage or traditions

Question 3

aging

Answer 3

collection of positive, negative and neutral changes in the mature organism

Question 4

environment

Answer 4

set of conditions outside the person that are presumed to influence and be influenced by the individual

Question 5

Learning

Answer 5

Relatively permanent change in behavior (or behav potential) that results from a persons experiences of practice

Question 6

Culture

Answer 6

System of meanings shared by certain population that’s transmitted from one generation to the next

Question 7

Genes

Answer 7

hereditary material passed from parents to child at conception

Question 8

Development

Answer 8

Set of systematic changes in the individual occurring between conception and death

Question 9

Maturation

Answer 9

Set of developmental changes biologically programmed by hereditary material rather than caused primarily by life experience

Question 10

Life expectancy

Answer 10

Average number of years a newborn baby can be expected to live

Question 11

Nature/Nurture Issue

Answer 11

Debate over relative roles of biological predispositions and environmental influences as determinants of human development

Question 12

Evidence based practice

Answer 12

Research ensuring that the curricula and treatments provided have been demonstrated to be effective

Question 13

Gerontology

Answer 13

Study of aging

Question 14

Life Span Perspective

Answer 14

Outlook that development is longterm multidirectional process that is best viewed from a multidisciplinary approach

Question 15

Plasticity

Answer 15

openness of brain cells or of the organism as a whole to positive and negative environmental influence

Question 16

Neuroplasticity

Answer 16

Brain’s ability to change in response to experience throughout the lifespan

Question 17

Scientific Method

Answer 17

Attitude dictating that investigators must be objective and allow data to decide merits of their theorizing

Question 18

Theory

Answer 18

Set of concepts and propositions designed to organize, describe and explain a set of observations

Question 19

Hypothesis

Answer 19

Specific prediction about what will hold true if we observe a phenomenon

Question 20

Sample

Answer 20

Group of individuals chosen to be subjects of a study

Question 21

Population

Answer 21

Well-defined group that a researcher is interested in drawing conclusions about

Question 22

Random Sample

Answer 22

method of selecting a subgroup of study objects in unbiased way from larger population

Question 23

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 23

Research method in which scientists study subjects in common everyday activities in their natural habitats

Question 24

Structured observation

Answer 24

research method in which scientists create special conditions designed to elicit the behavior of interest

Question 25

Case Study

Answer 25

in depth examination of an individual, typically carried out by compiling and analyzing info from various sources

Question 26

Experiment

Answer 26

Research in which the investigator manipulates part of a person’s environment to measure its effect on the individual

Question 27

Correlational Method

Answer 27

Research technique that involves determining whether two or more variables are related

Question 28

Cross sectional Design

Answer 28

developmental research in which different age groups are studied at the same point in time and compared

Question 29

Cohort

Answer 29

Group of people born at the same time

Question 30

Longitudinal Design

Answer 30

Developmental research in which one group of subjects is studied repeatedly over months or years

Question 31

ethnocentrism

Answer 31

Belief that one’s own cultural group is superior to others

Question 32

research ethics

Answer 32

Set of moral principles that investigators are bound to honor to protect research participants from harm