CH2 | The Central Dogma COPY Flashcards
The Central Dogma describes…
how genetic information flows from DNA to a protein product.
Gene expression is the process of…
genetic information flowing from DNA to RNA to protein.
The process of DNA to RNA is…
transcription.
The process of RNA to protein is…
translation.
What is it called when DNA makes more DNA?
Replication.
In the very rare cases when RNA is used to make DNA it’s called…
Reverse transcription.
Transcription copies…
a segment of DNA into RNA.
DNA segments transcribed into RNA that encode proteins are…
messenger RNA (mRNA).
DNA segments copied into RNA that do not encode proteins are…
non-coding RNAs.
mRNA comprises how much of total RNA?
1-3%.
The three steps of transcription are…
Initiation, Elongation, Termination.
The region of DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription is the…
Promoter.
The segment of DNA that is transcribed into RNA is called the…
Coding sequence.
The region of DNA that signals the end of transcription is the…
Terminator.
In a gene, the region where RNA polymerase first binds is the…
Promoter.
The +1 site on a gene designates…
the transcription initiation site.
The region of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule is the…
RNA-coding sequence.
The region of a gene that signals the end of transcription is the…
Terminator.
The DNA strand that is used as a guide to make mRNA during transcription is the…
Template strand.
The DNA strand that is not used during transcription and has a nearly identical sequence to the newly made mRNA is the…
Non-template strand.
The region towards the 5’ end of the gene relative to the coding sequence is considered…
upstream.
The region towards the 3’ end of the gene relative to the coding sequence is considered…
downstream.
During transcription, the enzyme that synthesizes RNA is…
RNA polymerase.
The DNA strand used by RNA polymerase to make mRNA is the…
template strand.