CH2 Structure & Processes of CJS

Question 1

criminology vs criminal justice

Answer 1

scientific study of crime & criminal behaviour

study of social control and the agencies involved in apprehension, prosecution, sentencing, incarceration, etc

Question 2

crime control model (conservative model)

Answer 2

protect community, apprehend offenders

victim rights

presumption of guilt

Question 3

due process model (liberal model)

Answer 3

legal rights of all citizens

fairness for all

presume innocence

courts

Question 4

task environment

Answer 4

cultural, geographic, community settings

influences the CJS operators and how they make decisions

Question 5

adversarial system

Answer 5

two parties present their cases before a neutral judge/jury

Question 6

beyond a reasonable doubt

Answer 6

the facts presented provide the only logical explanation for the crime

Question 7

discretion

Answer 7

freedom to choose different options when confronted with the need to make a decision

inconsistencies

eg like the police. should I arrest? should I let it slide?

Question 8

penal populism

Answer 8

correction policies that are formulated in pursuit of political objectives

often in the absence of an informed public or in spite of public opinion

Question 9

evidence based process

Answer 9

effective practices proved to be effective by evaluative research

Question 10

ethical issues vs ethical dilemmas

Answer 10

broad social questions concerning social control measures

having to choose where to side with these ethical issues

Question 11

Constitution Act, 1867

Answer 11

legislation that divides responsibilities between federal, provincial, and territorial gov’ts

Question 12

duty to act fairly

Answer 12

make sure offenders are treated fairly by corrections personnel