CH11 Correctional Institutions

Question 1

pennsylvania system

Answer 1

first model in US -> one floor

prisoners isolated, in cells at all times, no interaction
(silent reflection)

remove temptation and evil influences to make them good law abiding citizens

only made them more unstable

Question 2

auburn system

Answer 2

built up in tiers (panopticon) so they feel like they’re constantly being supervised

allowed prisoners to work and eat together but stay in individual cells at night

Question 3

moral architecture

Answer 3

used to describe Kingston penintentiary (first in Canada)

reflect order and morality, hard work and religion

eradicate underlying causes of crime like laziness, lack of moral values

strict punishments for breaches

Question 4

Brown commission

Answer 4

investigation into operations of Kingston penitentiary

condemned the use of corporal punishment against inmates

emphasized need for rehabilitation

Question 5

what are the three types of correctional institutions

Answer 5

minimum security
no perimeter fencing, unrestricted inmate movement during day time

medium security
high security perimeter fencing with some restrictions on inmate movement

maximum security
highly controlled environment and security fencing, inmate movement controlled and monitored

Question 6

what are the two types of security

Answer 6

static security
fixed security apparatus, officers assigned to security posts and need to remain there to watch over prisoners

dynamic security
ongoing interaction between officers and inmates
working with & speaking, making suggestions, providing info

Question 7

challenges to inmate populations

Answer 7

growing remand inmates

overcrowding

inmate gangs

senior inmates, mental illnesses, FASD (fetal alcohol syndrome)

Question 8

Arbour report

Answer 8

reported on misconduct in Kingston prison for women

made 14 key recommendations regarding cross-gender staffing

can’t have males strip searching females anymore

Question 9

inmate subculture

Answer 9

patterns of interactions

relationships that exist among inmates confined in correctional institutes

Question 10

prisonization

Answer 10

how inmates become socialized to prison culture

how they learn the norms and values there

Question 11

institutionalized

Answer 11

shawshank

when inmates become so prisonized that they cannot function in the outside world anymore

Question 12

state-raised offenders

Answer 12

inmates who spent the majority of their adult lives confined in correctional institutions

don’t have the skills and abilities to function outside in free society

Question 13

inmate code

Answer 13

set of behavioural rules that govern interactions among inmates and with institutional staff

eg do your own time (mind your own business)
don’t exploit other inmates

Question 14

social roles in prison

Answer 14

based on inmate’s friendship networks, sentence length, offence, etc

eg square johns -> prosocial behaviour
snitches -> ppl who tattle to officers
beef -> the type of crime
fish -> new inmate

Question 15

classification of inmates

Answer 15

inmates are assessed and categorized

determine the appropriate sentence for them

Question 16

static risk factors

Answer 16

unchanging factors that predict an offender’s rate of recidivism

eg criminal history, history of abuse, age of onset

Question 17

dynamic risk factors

Answer 17

attributes that can be altered through intervention

eg drug use, addiction, employment skills, education

Question 18

case management

Answer 18

needs and abilities of offenders are matched with correctional programs and services

NEEDS AND RESPONSIVITY

Question 19

correctional plan

Answer 19

plan outlining the offender’s initial institution, the work or training they need, and preparation for release

Question 20

what are the principles of correctional treatment programs?

Answer 20

1. based on empirically supported models
2. incorporate risk needs responsivity
3. focus on the dynamic risk factors of the offender
4. be monitored, evaluated
5. implemented by well trained, dedicated program staff

Question 21

throughcare

Answer 21

there should be continuity between institutional interventions and community ones