Ch.2 SIRS Flashcards
What percent of horses have DIC with colon torsions?
a. 30%
b. 50%
c. 70%
d. 90%
c. 70%
Where is lipopolysaccharide binding protein synthesized?
a. Spleen
b. Liver
c. Small Intestines
d. Kidneys
b. Liver
What part of the gram-negative bacteria does polymixin B bind to?
a. O-antigen
b. Core polysaccharide
c. Lipid A
d. Fatty acid
c. Lipid A
What antibiotic can increase the release of endotoxin?
a. Beta-lactams
b. Aminoglycosides
c. Sulfonamides
d. Tetracyclines
a. Beta-lactams
What is the gold standard for measuring endotoxin?
a. CBC/Chemistry
b. ELISA
c. Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assay
d. PCR
C.- Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assay
Which of the following is the true regarding the endotoxin part that has the most toxic component?
a. O-antigenic region
b. Core region “monoshaccharides”
c. Lipid A
d. Cell wall of the endotoxin
c. Lipid A
Which of the following statements regarding endotoxemia in horses
a. The hyperdynamic phase of endotoxemia is characterized by pulmonary hypertension, ileus due to increased levels of thromboxane A2, the horse also starts with mucous membrane pallor, depression, anorectic, tachypneic, tachycardic, muscle fasciculations, mild to moderate signs of colic
b. The hypodynamic phase of endotoxemia is characterized by pulmonary hypertension, ileus due to increased levels of thromboxane A2, the horse also starts with mucous membrane pallor, depression, anorectic, tachypneic, tachycardic, muscle fasciculations, mild to moderate signs of colic
c. The hyperdynamic phase is caused by decreased systemic vascular resistance from the release of prostaglandins. Mucous membranes are hyperemic, capillary refill time is prolonged, with reduced tissue perfusion, the classic toxic line develops as red to blue-purple line at the periphery of the gums.
d. The limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) is used to detect endotoxin in muscle biopsies.
A. “The hyperdynamic phase of endotoxemia is characterized by pulmonary hypertension, ileus due to increased levels of thromboxane A2, the horse also starts with mucous membrane pallor, depression, anorectic, tachypneic, tachycardic, muscle fasciculations, mild to moderate signs of colic”
Which of the following statements regarding common causes of MODS and SIRS in horses is correct?
a. Infection is initially prevented by the innate immunity, a branch of the host defense system that does not require previous exposure to a microbe.
b. Infection is initially prevented by the humoral immunity, a branch of the host defense system that does not require previous exposure to a microbe.
c. common portals of entry for microbes include central nevous system, intugementary and muskuloesqueletal
d. A main feature of the humoral immune system is that enables the immediate discrimination with the use of: PRRs and PAMPs.
a. “Infection is initially prevented by the innate immunity, a branch of the host defense system that does not require previous exposure to a microbe.”
Which of the following statements is true regarding the clinical signs of Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy in the horse?
a. persistent increased serum sorbitol dehydrogenase or y-glutamiyltransferase, increased serum bile acids, normal coagulation parameters,
b. No presence of laminitis, activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased fibrinogen concentration, hyperlactatemia, hypotension
c. Petechiae, no presence of reflux, decreased borborygmi, prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time.
d. Petechiae, ecchymoses, thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased fibrinogen concentration.
d. Presence of Thrombi, petechiae, ecchymoses, thrombocytopenia, prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, decreased fibrinogen concentration,
Which of the following statements regarding anti-inflammatory cytokines is correct?
a. IL-1, IL-8, IL-6, IFN-y,
b. IL-8, IL-6, IFN-y, IL-11, IL-13
c. IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-B
d. IL-11, IL-13, TGF-B, IL-1, IL-8
c. IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13, TGF-B
