Ch.2 Pharmacology principals

Question 1

1. _____________ lower bp.
2. _____________ lower bp by blocking adrenaline.

Answer 1

1. ACE inhibitors
2. BETA blockers

Question 2

Pharmacokinetics/ Absorption:
The _______________ is the liver converting the drug into inactive metabolites.

Answer 2

1st pass effect

Question 3

Pharmacokinetics/ Distribution:
___________ carries protein-bound drugs via bloodstream to site of action.

Answer 3

Albumin(protein)

Question 4

What is “half life”?

Answer 4

Time required for 1/2 of the drug to be removed from the body.

Question 5

What is Duration of Action?

Answer 5

Time in which the drug concentration is enough to elicit a therapeutic response.

Question 6

PharmaCoDynamics

Answer 6

Drug actions within the body.
mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, polypharmacy.

Question 7

PharmaCognosy

Answer 7

Nature vs. Synthetic drug source.

Question 8

PharmaCoEconomics

Answer 8

Compare drug values

Question 9

PharmaCoTheraputics

Answer 9

Medications to prevent or treat disease.

Question 10

Palliative care

Answer 10

keeps patient comfy (lifetime disease)

Question 11

Supportive therapy

Answer 11

rehydrate

Question 12

Prophylactic therapy

Answer 12

anticipate problem

Question 13

Empiric therapy

Answer 13

experience

Question 14

Therapeutic index:
Tolerance vs. Dependence

Answer 14

Tolerance: decreased response with repeat doses.
Dependence: Physiologic/Psychological need for drugs.

Question 15

Therapeutic index:
Physiological vs. Psychological needs

Answer 15

Physiological: to avoid withdrawal.
Psychological: addiction, desire for euphoric effects.

Question 16

Drug interactions: Types of adverse drug event (Ade)?

Answer 16

Pharmacological react.
Hypersensitivity react.
Idiosyncratic react.
Drug interaction.

Question 17

Give an example of a pharmacological reaction.

Answer 17

Bp medication drops bp too much.

Question 18

What is a hypersensitivity reaction?

Answer 18

allergic reaction

Question 19

What is an idiosyncratic reaction?

Answer 19

unexpected reaction

Question 20

List drug routes

Answer 20

Enteral
Parenteral
Topical

Question 21

Types of enteral drug routes.

Answer 21

Oral
Sublingual
Buccal
Rectal

Question 22

Types of parenteral drug routes.

Answer 22

IV
IM
SUBQ
ID (dermal)
Intraarterial
Intrathecal
Intraarticular

Question 23

Types of Topical drug routes.

Answer 23

Optic
Otic
Intranasal
Inhalation
Rectal
Vaginal

Question 24

4 ways med errors occur.

Answer 24

Prescribing
Dispensing
Administering
Monitoring

Question 25

Drug Polymorphism:

Answer 25

shelf life & toxicity

Question 26

PharmaCoGenomics:

Answer 26

How genes affect drugs

Question 27

Bioequivalent

Answer 27

two drugs at the same time, the same active ingredient.

Question 28

Steady state

Answer 28

drug excreted is same as drug absorbed

Question 29

Dissolution rates: fastest and slowest?

Answer 29

fast: powders, granolas, sprinkles. Slower: capsules, tabs, enteric coded.

Question 30

The term for the ratio between therapeutic effects and toxic effects?

Answer 30

Therapeutic index

Question 31

protein bound drugs have ________ duration of action.

Answer 31

longer