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MAMMO ARRT PREP > Ch.2 Mammo > Flashcards

Ch.2 Mammo Flashcards

1
Q

What is the frequency of ACR Acceditation?

A

Every 3years

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2
Q

The material used for the exit port of the mammography tube is necessary because

A

Regular glass would harden the emerging beam

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3
Q

The intensity of the X-Ray beam from the cathode side of the tube is generally higher because

Q.3 pg.48

A

The heel effect causes variations in the intensity of the X-ray beam

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4
Q

The design of the lip of the compression paddle (both height and angle along the chest wall) affects all the following except

Q. 4 pg.48

A

It ensures higher compression of the anterior breast tissue

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5
Q

The primary goal of compression is to

Q.5 pg 48

A

Allow uniform penetration of structures within the breast

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6
Q

What features of the high-transmission cellular (HTC) grid allow these grids to maintain equal or less radiation dose to the patient compared with linear grids ?

Q6 pg. 48

A

They have copper as the strips and air as the interspace material

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7
Q

The grid ratio can vary in modern mammography units. A common grid ratio used is

A

5:1

SN: can be as low as 3:1

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8
Q

The chest wall edge of the compression paddle should be aligned just beyond the chest wall edge of the detector to

Question 8 on Pg 48

A

Avoid projecting the chest wall edge of the paddle on the mammogram

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9
Q

Which of the following affects focal spot size ?

A

Angle of the anode

SN: the focal spot is the area where electrons strike on the target

SN: effective focal spot is the area projected onto the patient or detector

SN: spatial resolution is related to focal spot size, BUT CHANGES IN SID, OID, and Size of Collimation Field do NOT affect the focal spot size !

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10
Q

Which of the following is the commonly used focal spot size for routine work in mammography?

A

0.3mm

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11
Q

Which of the following mammography quality control test is performed as needed?

A

Repeat analysis

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12
Q

The general criteria to pass the new American College of Radiology-Digital Mammography (ACR DM) phantom require a minimum of

A

2.0 masses

See question 12 on PG 49
See answer question on PG 56-57

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13
Q

What is the compression thickness indicator test?

Q.13 pg 49

A

A check to ensure that the indicated compression thickness is within normal compression

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14
Q

What is the name given to the test to determine whether the unit has consistent detector signal-to-noise level for all breast thickness?

A

Visual checklist

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15
Q

A technologist test that is performed semiannually is

Q. 15 on pg 49

A

Compression force test

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16
Q

Repeats are

A

Images that involve unnecessary exposure to the patient

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17
Q

To get a meaningful analysis, the repeat analysis needs a patient volume of at least ?

A

250 patients

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18
Q

Mammography facilities can receive certification from
1. ACR
2 FDA
3. States as Certifiers (SACs)

A

2 or 3 only

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19
Q

Aluminum filtration is likely to be matched with _____ targets

A

Tungsten

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20
Q

Which of the following visual checklist tests must be performed before clinical use ?

A

Paddles/ face shield must not be cracked

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21
Q

What tool is used to evaluate for artifacts ?

A

Phantom

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22
Q

A single binary digit of data, such as “0” or “1” is called a

A

Bit

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23
Q

In general, higher magnification will require the use of a
Q.23 pg50

A

Smaller focal spot size

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24
Q

A grid is not necessary during magnification because
Q.24 pg50

A

The large OID produces the same effect as a grid

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25
Q

The air gap in magnification allows increase subject contrast by

Q.25 pg.50

A

Reducing scatter

26
Q

If the magnification mammography is performed without using a small focal spot size, the resulting image will be magnified

A

And blurred

27
Q

At higher magnification factors there is
1. Higher skin dose
2. Increased scatted
3. Decreased source-to-object distance

A

1&3 only

28
Q

Magnification is beneficial in all of the following situations except
Q.28 pg50

A

Imaging the entire breast in a single exposure

29
Q

Using a small focal spot size is recommended for magnification

Question 29 on pg 50

A

To compensate for the loss of image detail

30
Q

Which of the following is a big disadvantage of magnification?

A

Increased patient dose

31
Q

If the backup time stops a breast exposure, the technologist can repeat the radiograph by using a

A

Higher peak kilo voltage setting

32
Q

The type of X-rays created from displacement of K-shell-binding, electrons in the molybdenum atom are called

A

Characteristic radiation

33
Q

The function of the filter in mammography is to remove

Q.33 pg.51

A

Photon energies higher and lower than the range needed for breast imaging

34
Q

A recommended labeling for the mammographic image that is not required by the Mammography Quality Standards Act (MQSA)

A

Technical factors

35
Q

Lack of breast compression is most likely to cause
Q.35 pg51

A

Motion unsharpness

36
Q

How long should a facility maintain records of serious complaints?

A

3years

37
Q

Which of the following focal spot sizes is used in routine imaging ?
Q.10 pg49

A

.3

38
Q

Which of the following systems does not use a grid ?

A

Any magnification mammography system

39
Q

Aluminum (Al) can be used as the filtration in

Q.39 pg.51

A

Digital breast tomosynthesis tubes with tungsten targets

40
Q

The detector element (DEL) is located in the

A

Thin-film transistor (TFT)

41
Q

Which of the following statements about detector elements is incorrect

See PG 52 for the question 41

A

The size of the detector element can be controlled by the technologist

See PG 69 for detail
See PG 41 for the question

42
Q

To allow full coverage of the detector, a tube with a 16-degree anode angle requires a tube tilt of approximately ___ degrees to achieve an effective anode angle of 22 degrees

A

6

SN: see pg 69 for detail

43
Q

Which of the following monitors is used to interpret the mammograms?

Q. 43 pg52

A

Review monitor

See page 70

44
Q

Which of the following is a system that can be used to store 12months or more of image data and can retrieve the data within a few minutes

A

Redundant array of independent (inexpensive) disk (RAID)

See page 70

45
Q

A computer network system that allows images to be viewed at various monitors or transmitted or stored is termed

A

PACS
Picture archiving and communication system

46
Q

The remote transmission of images is

A

Teleradiology

47
Q

What is the purpose of CAD

See Question 47 on pg 52

A

A method of prereading mammograms

See answer to question on 72

48
Q

Which of the following is included in a workflow plan for a technologist

Q.48 pg. 52

A

Retrieving the results of prior examinations for the patient

49
Q

What system is identified as a storage for radiology imaging information

A

RIS

50
Q

When transmitting mammography images, the compression required is termed

Q.50 pg.52

A

Lossless compressing

51
Q

The device used to convert electronic signal to computer language is called

A

ADC

SN: see pg 73
Question 51

52
Q

Changing the image contrast would mean adjusting the

Se question 52 on pg 53

A

Window width

SN: See pg 73

53
Q

In direct digital technology, the x-ray strike ___ in the detector

A

amorphous selenium

54
Q

What test tool is used to calibrate the brightness of the monitor ?

A

SMPTE

SN: SE PG 74

55
Q

Which of the following is a true statement according to the EQUIP mandated by FDA

See question 55 on pg 53

A

Written documentation is required for the clinical image review of each radiologic technologist (RT) and interpreting physician (IP), and it must be done at least annually

See answer explanation on pg 74-75

56
Q

What is the maximum possible score for each test in the ACR phantom

A

6

See pg 75

57
Q

Synthesized 2D imaging is a

See question 57 on pg 53

A

Two-dimensional (2D) reconstruction of the three-dimensional (3D) image

See answer to question on PG 75

58
Q

Computer-aided detection (CAD) is used to

See question 58 on PG 53

A

Analyze or preread the image

See answer pg 76

59
Q

What BI-RAD category recommends short-interval (6month) follow up?

Question 59 on pg 53

A

Category 3

See pg 76

60
Q

The patient has a BI-RAD category 5 report
This finding indicates

A

High possibility of malignancy

See PG 76

MAMMO ARRT PREP (4 decks)

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