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MAMMO ARRT PREP > Ch. 4 Mammo > Flashcards

Ch. 4 Mammo Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statements is true ?
Q.1 pg124

A

Compression increases the uniformity of the breast, making diagnosis easier

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2
Q

The maximum compression force applied to the breast should not exceed
Q.2 pg124

A

None of the above

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3
Q

In assessing the degree of compression for any one patient, the technologist should take into consideration
1. The maximum to which the patient’s breast can actually be compressed
2. The amount of compression the patient can tolerate
3. Compression that should be just sufficient to immobilize the breast

A

1 & 2 only

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4
Q

Manual compression in mammography
Q.4 pg124

A

Depends on breast size and the patient’s pain tolerance

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5
Q

Some considerations that could be given to women with painful breasts include
1. Having the patient take ibuprofen prior to mammography
2. Scheduling mammography during the menstrual cycle
3. Explaining, before the examination, the importance of compression
Q.5 pg124

A

1 & 3

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6
Q

If a lesion is seen only on MRI of the breast, which of the following can be used to biopsy the lesion
Q.6 pg 124

A

MRI-guided code biopsy

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7
Q

Compression allows reduced radiation to the breast by
Q.7 pg124

A

Decreasing breast thickness

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8
Q

What principle does compression use to visualize the borders of circumscribed lesion
1. It brings the lesion closer to the detector
2. It spreads apart overlapping tissue
3. It separates superimposed areas of glandular tissue
Q.8 pg125

A

1,2,3

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9
Q

Ideally, breast compression is maximized when
1. Accompanied by a thorough explanation to increase patient cooperation
2. The exposure is made on arrested inspiration to reduce motion
3. The patient recognizes the advantage of compression in reducing radiation dose
Q.9 pg125

A

1&3 only

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10
Q

Magnification can be used to assess the
Q.10 pg125

A

Margins of a lesion

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11
Q

With calcifications, magnification can be used to assess
1. The number
2. Morphology
3. Tissue distribution

Q.11 pg125

A

1,2&3

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12
Q

The last degree of compression should be applied
Q.12 pg125

A

As gentle as possible or by using manual compression

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13
Q

Which of the following projections is used to determine whether a lesion is medial or lateral to the nipple?
Q.13 pg125

A

Craniocaudal (CC)

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14
Q

If any breast tissue is poorly imaged on the mediolateral oblique (MLO) projection, it is likely to be

Q.14 pg125

A

Medial breast tissue

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15
Q

The length of the posterior nipple line (PNL) visualized on CC projection, should be within how many centimeters of the PNL on MLO projection

Q.15 pg125

A

1.00

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16
Q

Which of the following conditions must be met when imaging the breast in MLO projection?
1. The pectoral muscle should extend to or below the PNL
2. Visualized fat should be posterior to all the fibroglandular tissues
3. The inframammary fold (IMF) should be open

Q.16 pg126

A

1,2,3

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17
Q

In positioning for the CC projection, If the C-Arm of the mammography unit is raised too high, the inframammary fold (IMF) is over elevated, resulting in loss of

  1. Superior breast tissue
  2. Inferior breast tissue
  3. Posterior breast tissue

Q.17 pg 126

A

2 & 3 only

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18
Q

Which of the following single projections will best visualized the maximum amount of breast tissue ?

Q. 18 pg126

A

MLO

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19
Q

In general, when imaging tall, thin patients, the angulation is adjusted to

Q.19 pg126

A

Close to 60 degrees

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20
Q

Which of the following positions is used to determine whether an abnormality is superior or inferior to the nipple?

Q.20 pg126

A

MLO

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21
Q

The principle of mobile versus fixed tissue is use in mammography positioning to image the maximum

Q.21 pg126

A

Medial breast on the MLO projection

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22
Q

In the CC projection of the breast, the detector is positioned

Q.22 pg126

A

At the level of the raised inframammary fold (IMF)

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23
Q

In positioning for MLO projection, the tube is always angled

Q.23 pg126

A

None of the above

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24
Q

What position is shown in Fig. 4-1?

Q.24 pg126

A

CC

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25
Q

When positioning for right CC projection, where is the patients left arm placed ?

Q.25 pg126

A

Brought forward- the patient can hold the handle bar of the unit

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26
Q

Your patient has had recent chest surgery and has a scarred and painful area running along the sternum. The radiologist request a 90-lateral. With a medial aspect of the breast immobile, which of the following is the best option

Q26 pg126

A

Left Lateral Medial (LLM)

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27
Q

Which of the following projections is used to best visualize the tail of the breast?
Q.27 pg126

A

Axillary tail (AT)

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28
Q

Calcifications seen on the mammogram are suspected to be in the skin. Which of the following projections is the best projection necessary to prove this theory?

Q.28 pg126

A

TAN

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29
Q

Which of the following projections is used to best demonstrate details of the medial breast structures?

Q.29 pg126

A

LM

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30
Q

A lesion on the lateral aspect of the breast is not seen on CC projection. Which of the following projections can be an additional projection used to image the lesion?

Q.30 pg127

A

XCCL

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31
Q

Which of the following projections can be used instead of CC projection to image patients with severe kyphosis?

Q.31 pg127

A

LM

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32
Q

A lesion moved up on the ML projection from it’s original position on MLO projection. The location of the lesion within the breast is

Q.32 pg127

A

Medial

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33
Q

Which of the following projections can be used to prove the breast calcification are benign (“teacup shaped”) ?

A

ML

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34
Q

Which of the following projections can be used to give a profile image of the area in question without superimposition of breast tissue?
Q.34 pg127

35
Q

Identify the projection shown in Fig. 4-2

36
Q

A patient with barrel chest whose chest wall produces outward may have breast tissue extending laterally under the arm. What projection, used to image the breast with the beam directed superior to inferior, should be taken in addition to CC projection?

Q.36 pg128

37
Q

An infusaport can be used to
Q.37 pg128

A

Allow repeated access to the venous system

38
Q

Identify the position shown in Fig.3-4
Q.38 pg128

39
Q

Why is the MLO projection preferred to ML projection as the routine projection ?
Q.39 pg128

A

ML projection poorly visualizes the posterior and lateral breast

40
Q

Which of the following projections best shows the extreme medial aspect of the breast ?
Q.40 pg128

41
Q

In which of the following modified projections is the superior aspect of the breast rolled medically ?
Q.41 pg128

A

Rolled medial (RM)

42
Q

The results from which of the following techniques is often used to reduce the amount of lymph nodes removed during a check for breast cancer spread ?
Q.42 pg129

A

Sentinel node mapping

43
Q

Identify the projection shown in Fig.4-4
Q.43 pg129

44
Q

Identify the position shown in Fig.4-5
Q.44 pg129

45
Q

Which of the following projections is especially useful when analyzing calcification ?
Q.45 pg 129

46
Q

Identify the position shown in Fig 4-6
Q.46 pg130

47
Q

All the following statements about magnifications are true except
Q.47 pg130

A

Magnification images the entire breast with one exposure

48
Q

In the rolled superior (RS) position, the surface _____ the detector is rolled
______ .
Q.48 pg130

A

Furthest from/ superiorly

49
Q

Which of the following techniques accurately describes how the breast is rolled for RM projection?
Q.49 pg130

A

The inferior surface is rolled laterally, and the superior surface is rolled medically

50
Q

A patient with pectus excavatum may present a positioning problem because the patient has
Q.50 pg130

A

Depressed sternum

51
Q

In imaging the augmented breast in the CC position, by using the implant displaced technique, the breast tissue is pulled or pushed
Q.51 pg130

A

Anteriorly

52
Q

A routine series on patients with encapsulated implants could include an additional projection, such as the
Q.52 pg130

53
Q

Which of the following is used to spread out the tissue and improve resolution on a localized area of interest ?
Q.53 pg130

A

Spot compression

54
Q

How many projections are routinely required to image a patient with implant-augmented breasts?
Q.54 pg 131

55
Q

Which of the following statements is correct ?
Q.55 pg 131

A

It is contraindicated to image the irradiated breast less than 6 months after irradiated treatment

56
Q

Which of the following projections or positions can be performed with any patient orientation,with or without magnification?
Q.56 pg131

A

Spot compression

57
Q

In addition to the routine series, after lumpectomy many patients can also be image by using
Q.57 pg131

58
Q

The “implant in place” projections taken on patients with breast implants require compression
Q.58 pg131

A

For immobilization only

59
Q

The surgical specimen is radiographed to
Q.59 pg131

A

Confirm that the entire lesion was removed

60
Q

The specimen is compressed to reduce
Q.60 pg 131

A

Tissue thickness

61
Q

Which of the following would require a signed consent ?
Q.61 pg131

A

Fine-needle biopsy (FNB)

62
Q

Preoperative localization will
1. Direct the surgeon to the area requiring biopsy
2. Help the surgeon excise a smaller specimen
3. Ensure that the correct area is removed
Q.62 pg131

63
Q

The core biopsy techniques was developed as an alternative to surgical biopsy because this technique provided a larger sample of the area of suspicion and thus more information than
Q. 63 pg 131

A

Fine-needle biopsy (FNB)

64
Q

Ultrasonography of a lesion showed a spherical mass with smooth regular boarders, anechoic interior, and acoustic enhancement. The lesion is likely to be a
Q.64 pg132

A

Simple cyst

65
Q

In ultrasonography, the term acoustic enhancement refers to
Q.65 pg132

A

The amount of sound passing through an anechoic structure

66
Q

Which of the following biohazard waste must be disposed of in a red biohazard trash bag ?
Q.66 pg132

A

Bloody linen

67
Q

An aspirate is likely to be obtained from which of the following ?
Q.67 pg132

68
Q

Biopsy performed by using a 14-gauge needle to remove tissue samples from the breast is termed
Q.68 pg132

A

Core biopsy

69
Q

Stereotactic breast localization is used to
Q.69 pg132

A

Calculate the horizontal, vertical, and depth of no palpable lesions

70
Q

A cyst aspiration can only be performed
Q.70 pg132

A

None of the above

71
Q

Which of the following biopsy techniques carry the most risks for complications?
Q71 pg132

A

Open surgical biopsy

72
Q

MRI
Q.72 pg132

A

Uses the complex magnetic properties of elements

73
Q

Most of the risks of MRI of the breast are associated with
Q.73

A

Ferromagnetic metals

74
Q

Cyst aspiration describes the removal
Q.74 pg132

A

Fluid from a cyst

75
Q

If a breast lesion is seen only on a breast ultrasonography, which of the following modalities should be used when performing a biopsy of the lesion?
Q.75 pg132

A

Ultrasonography

76
Q

With its high sensitivity, MRI is ideal as
Q.76 pg133

A

An adjunctive tool in detecting breast cancer

77
Q

Ultrasonography uses
Q.77 pg133

A

High-frequency sound waves to image the breast

78
Q

Which of the following could be considered a cosmetic intervention ?
Q.78 pg133

A

Surgical reconstruction of the breast to increase its firmness

79
Q

Specimen radiography confirms that
Q.79 pg133

A

The suspected lesion is in the tissue that was removed

80
Q

Which of the following biopsy techniques is the most accurate ?
Q.80 pg133

A

Open surgical biopsy

81
Q

Which of the following is the least expensive and least invasive method of breast biopsy?
Q.81 pg133

A

Fine-Needle biopsy (FNB)

82
Q

MRI can be used to
1. Map the extent of a tumor
2. Image patients with implants
3. Evaluate patients with dense breast
Q82 pg133

83
Q

Preoperative localization is
Q.83 pg133

A

A technique used to locate nonpalpable lesions

84
Q

Which of the following is a biopsy technique that often requires the presence of a cytological technologist ?
Q84 pg133

A

Fine-needle biopsy (FNB)

MAMMO ARRT PREP (4 decks)

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