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ENV 4531 > Ch2: Biological Concepts > Flashcards

Ch2: Biological Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of microbial organisms?

A

Treatment of decomposible organic wastes

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2
Q

Microbes are responsible for…

A

Water-borne diseases (pathogenic organisms

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3
Q

Important microscopic organisms

A

Bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, rotifers, algae, viruses

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4
Q

2 groups of microorganisms

A

Prokaryotes, eukaryotes

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5
Q

Prokaryotes

A 
Single-celled 
No distinct nucleus
Binary fission
Form spores or cysts
Bacteria and blue-green algae
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6
Q

Eukaryotes

A 
Large-celled 
Membrane bound nucleus
Single or multicellular
Asexual or sexual reproduction
Fungi, algae, rotifers
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7
Q

Bacteria

A 
Single celled
Prokaryotic
Classified based on shape
May move or float
Binary fission: DNA replication, segregation, cytokinesis
CHOPSN
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8
Q

Bacteria growth phases (6)

A 
Lag phase (adjusting to new environment)
Log growth phase (max growth)
Declining growth phase 
Max stationary phase (exhaustion)
Increasing death 
Log death phase
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9
Q

Chemolithotrophs

A

Chemically oxidize inorganic substances for their energy needs

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10
Q

Chemoorganotrophs

A

Chemically oxidize organic substances for their energy needs

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11
Q

Photolithotrophs

A

Use light as an energy source, but still require some inorganic substances for their respiration needs

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12
Q

Photoorganotrophs

A

Use light as an energy source, but still require some organic substances for their respiration needs

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13
Q

Autotrophs

A

Microorganisms that use inorganic substances (CO2) as their carbon source for growth

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14
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Microorganisms that use organic substances as their carbon source for growth.

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15
Q

Aerobic

A

Microorganisms that require free molecular oxygen for their life process

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16
Q

Anaerobic

A

Microorganisms that require combined molecular oxygen for their life processes

17
Q

Facultative

A

Microorganisms that can use either free molecular oxygen or combined molecular oxygen for their life processes.

18
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Microorganisms that thrive in temperatures less than 20C (68F)

19
Q

Mesophiles

A

Microorganisms that thrive in temperatures 25-40C (77-104F)

20
Q

Thermophiles

A

Microorganisms that thrive in temperatures 45-60C (113-140F)

21
Q

Stenothermophiles

A

Microorganisms that thrive in temperatures greater than 60C (140F)

22
Q

Environmental factors

A

Physical: temperature, osmotic pressure, presence of O2, presence of water, UV light

Chemical: pH, acids/bases, redox, heavy metals, chemicals

Biological: undesirable microbes, pathogens

23
Q

Viruses

A

Smallest biological structure containing all of the information necessary for its own reproduction

24
Q

Communicable diseases

A

Spread by improperly treated drinking water

25
Q

Coliforms

A

Found in intestines of warm blooded beings

ENV 4531 (4 decks)

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