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Chem > Ch2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions > Flashcards

Ch2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions Flashcards

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0
Q

Alkanes

A

Compounds of carbon and hydrogen containing only carbon-carbon single bonds.

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1
Q

Alcohol

A

An organic compound obtained by substituting a hydroxyl group (-OH) for a hydrogen on a hydrocarbon.

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2
Q

Angstrom

A

A common non-SI unit of length, denoted A, that is used to measure atomic dimensions: 1A =10^-10 m.

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3
Q

Anion

A

A negatively charged ion.

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4
Q

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

A

A unit based on the value of exactly 12 amu for the mass of the isotope of carbon that has six protons and six neutrons in the nucleus.

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5
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element.

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6
Q

Atomic weight

A

The average mass of the atoms of an element in atomic mass unit (amu); it is numerically equal to the mass in grams of one mole of the element.

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7
Q

Cathode Rays

A

Streams of electrons that are produced when a high voltage is applied to electrodes in an evacuated tube.

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8
Q

Cation

A

A positively charged ion.

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9
Q

Chemical formula

A

A notation that uses chemical symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms it the different elements in a substance.

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10
Q

Chemical nomenclature

A

The rules used in naming substances.

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11
Q

Electron

A

A negatively charged subatomic particle found outside the atomic nucleus; it is a part is all atoms. An electron has a mass of 1/1836 times that of a proton.

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12
Q

Electronic charge

A

The negative charge carried by an electron; it has a magnitude of 1.602 X 10^-19 C.

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13
Q

Empirical formula

A

A chemical formula that shows the kinds of atoms and their relative numbers in a substance in the smallest possible whole-number ratios.

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14
Q

Group (periodic table)

A

Elements that are in the same column of the periodic table; elements within the same group or family exhibit similarities in their chemical behavior.

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15
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds composed of only hydrogen and carbon.

16
Q

Ion

A

Electrically charged atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ion); ions can be positively or negatively charged, depending on whether electrons are lost (positive) or gained (negative) by the atom.

17
Q

Ionic compound

A

A compound composed of cations and anions.

18
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds whose molecules have the same overall composition but different structures.

19
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element containing different numbers of neutrons and therefore having different masses.

20
Q

Mass Number

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a particular atom.

21
Q

Mass Spectrometer

A

An instrument used to measure the precise masses and relative amounts of atomic and molecular ions.

22
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements that lie along the diagonal line separating the metals from the nonmetals in the periodic table; the properties of metalloids are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals.

23
Q

Molecular compound

A

A compound that consists of molecules.

24
Q

Molecular Formula

A

A chemical formula that indicates the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule of a substance.

25
Q

Neutron

A

An electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom; it has approximately the same mass of a proton.

26
Q

Nonmetal elements (nonmetals)

A

Elements in the upper right corner of the periodic table; nonmetals differ from metals in their physical and chemical properties.

27
Q

Nuclear model

A

Model of an atom with a nucleus containing protons and neutrons and with electrons in the space outside the nucleus.

28
Q

Nucleus

A

The very small, very dense, positive charged portion of an atom; it is composed of protons and neutrons.

29
Q

Organic chemistry

A

The study of carbon-containing compounds, topically containing carbon-carbon bonds.

30
Q

Oxyanion

A

A polyatomic anion that contains one or more oxygen atoms.

31
Q

Period (periodic table)

A

The row of elements that lie in a horizontal row in the periodic table.

32
Q

Periodic Table

A

The arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic number, with elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns.

33
Q

Polyatomic ion

A

An electrically charged group of two or more atoms.

34
Q

Proton

A

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

35
Q

Structural Formula

A

A formula that shows not only the number and kinds of atoms in the molecule but also the arrangement (connections) of the atoms.

36
Q

Subatomic Particles

A

Particles such as protons, neutrons, and electrons that are smaller than an atom.

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