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Chem > Ch1: Matter & Measurement > Flashcards

Ch1: Matter & Measurement Flashcards

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0
Q

Accuracy

A

A measure of how closely measurements agree with the correct answer.

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1
Q

Absolute Zero

A

The lowest attainable temperature; 0 K on the Kelvin scale and -273.15*C on the Celsius scale.

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2
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

A solution in which water is the solvent.

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3
Q

Atom

A

The smallest representative particle of an element.

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4
Q

Celsius Scale

A

A temperature scale on which water freezes at 0* and boils at 100* at sea level.

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5
Q

Changes of state

A

Transformations of matter from one state to a different one, for example, from a gas to a liquid.

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6
Q

Chemical Changes

A

Processes in which one or more substances are converted into other substances; also called chemical reactions.

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7
Q

Chemical Properties

A

Properties that describe a substance’s composition and it’s reactivity; how the substance reacts or changes into other substances.

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8
Q

Chemistry

A

The scientific discipline that studies the composition, properties, and transformations of matter.

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9
Q

Compound

A

A substance composed of two or more elements united chemically in definitely proportions.

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10
Q

Conversion Factor

A

A ratio relating the same quantity in two systems of units that is used to convert the units of measurement.

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11
Q

Density

A

The ratio of an object’s mass to its volume.

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12
Q

Dimensional Analysis

A

The method of problem solving in which units are carried through all calculations. Dimensional Analysis ensures that the final calculation has the desired units.

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13
Q

Electrochemistry

A

The branch of chemistry that deals with the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions.

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14
Q

Element

A

A substance consisting of atoms of the same atomic number. Historically defined as a substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means.

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15
Q

Extensive Property

A

A property that depends on the amount of material considered; for example, mass or volume.

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16
Q

Hypothesis

A

A tentative explanation of a series of observations or of natural law.

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17
Q

Intermolecular Forces

A

The short-range attractive forces operating between the particles that make up the units of a liquid or solid substance. These same forces also cause gases to liquefy or solidify at low temperatures and high pressures.

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18
Q

Intensive Property

A

A property that is independent of the amount of material considered; for example, density.

19
Q

Law of Constant Composition

A

A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure compound is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of definitely proportions.

20
Q

Law of Definite Proportions

A

A law that states that the elemental composition of a pure substance is always the same, regardless of its source; also called the law of constant composition.

21
Q

Liquid

A

Matter that has a distinct volume but no specific shape.

22
Q

Mass

A

A measure of the amount of material in an object. It measures the resistance of an object to being moved. In SI units, mass is measured in kilograms.

23
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass. The physical material of the universe.

24
Q

Metric System

A

A system of measurement used in science and in most countries. The meter and the gram are examples of metric units.

25
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its own chemical identity.

26
Q

Molecule

A

A chemical combination of two or more atoms.

27
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

The study of carbon-containing compounds, typically containing carbon-carbon bonds.

28
Q

Physical Changes

A

Changes (such as phase change) that occur with no change in chemical composition.

29
Q

Physical Properties

A

Properties that can be measured without changing the composition of a substance, for example, color and freezing point.

30
Q

Precision

A

The closeness of agreement among several measurements of the same quantity; the reproducibility of a measurement.

31
Q

Property

A

A characteristic that gives a sample of matter its unique identity.

32
Q

Pure Substance

A

Matter that has fixed composition and distinct properties.

33
Q

Radioactive

A

Processing radioactivity, the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus with accompanying emission of radiation.

34
Q

Redox (Oxidation-Reduction) Reaction

A

A reaction in which certain atoms undergo changes in oxidation states. The substance increasing in oxidation state is oxidized; the substance decreasing in oxidation state is reduced.

35
Q

Scientific Law

A

A concise verbal statement or a mathematical equation that summarizes a wide range of observations and experiences.

36
Q

Scientific Method

A

The general process of advancing scientific knowledge by making experimental observations and by formulating hypothesis, theories, and laws.

37
Q

Significant Figures

A

The digits that indicate the precision by which a measurement is made; all digits of a measured quantity are significant, including the last digit, which is uncertain.

38
Q

SI units

A

The preferred metric units for use in science.

39
Q

Solid

A

Matter that has both a definite shape and a definite volume.

40
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of substance that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture.

41
Q

States of Matter

A

The three forms that matter can assume: solid, liquid, and gas.

42
Q

Thermochemistry

A

The relationship between chemical reactions and energy changes.

43
Q

Thermodynamics

A

The study of energy and its transformation.

44
Q

Valence Orbitals

A

Orbitals that contain the outer-shell electrons of an atom.

Chem (7 decks)

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