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Bio344-Cell and Molec > Ch.19-Cell Junctions, Cell adhesion, and the extracellular matrix > Flashcards

Ch.19-Cell Junctions, Cell adhesion, and the extracellular matrix Flashcards

1
Q

1A. What is the function of Tight Junctions

A

= prevent molecules from passing between cells

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2
Q

1B. What is the function of Gap junctions

A

= allow small molecules (<2500 Daltons) to pass

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3
Q

1C. What is the function of Anchoring junctions

A

= keep cell attached to each other or to extracellular matrix

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4
Q

1D. What is the function of Occluding junctions

A

= type of tight junction

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5
Q

2A. What are occluding junctions?

A

= type of tight junction

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6
Q

2B. What are anchoring junctions?

A

= keep cell attached to each other or to extracellular matrix

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7
Q

2C. What are communicating junctions?

A

????????????

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8
Q
  1. Describe the role of tight junctions in intestinal epithelial cells.
A
  • It prevents molecules from passing between cells

- It prevents membrane proteins from moving to membrane at the other end of the cell

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9
Q
  1. What proteins are present in tight junctions?
A

Claudins and occludins bind to each other to form tight junctions

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10
Q
  1. What is the difference between adherense junctions and desmosomes?
A
  • Adherense junctions:
    = with adjacent actin cells
  • Desmosomes:
    = with adjacent intermediate filaments
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11
Q
  1. What is the difference between hemidesmosomes and focal adhesions?
A
  • Hemidesmosomes:
    = when intermediate filaments are attached to extracellular matrix
  • Focal Adhesions:
    = when actin cells are attached to extracellular matrix
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12
Q
  1. What is the difference between hemidesmosomes and desmosomes?
A
  • Hemidesmosomes:
    = when intermediate filaments are attached to extracellular matrix

-Desmosomes:
= with adjacent intermediate filaments

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13
Q
  1. What do integrins do?

give 2 examples

A

= Link extracellular matrix to cytoskeleton

  • Ex: Hemidesmosomes, focal adhesion points
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14
Q
  1. What do cadherins do?

give 2 examples

A

= Proteins that form anchoring junctions between cells

  • Ex: Adherence junction, desmosome
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15
Q
  1. How does Ca2+ affect cadherin structure?
A
  • Calcium is need, cadherins bind calcium-required to make protein rigid.
  • If you have low calcium, no junction cells are attached to each other
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16
Q
  1. What kind of molecules can pass through gap junctions?
A
  • Small molecules (<5000 Daltons)

- Water soluble molecules

17
Q
  1. Describe Gap Junctions
A

= are made out of connexons (6 connexins stacked on top of each other makes up a gap junction)

  • can be open or closed
  • they allow for molecules less than 5,000 Daltons in size to pass
18
Q
  1. What are connexins?
A

= Protein that forms the gap junction

19
Q
  1. What does it mean that the permeability of gap junctions can be regulated? Give an example of a molecule that can regulate gap junction permeability.
A

Gap junctions can be regulate through voltage gated, requires a signal to open junction, regulate the size of the gap junction, has to be water soluble to pass
??????

20
Q
  1. How can cells self-organize based on the type of cadherins they are expressing?
A
  • Cadherins will sort themselves out by either having two different cadherin types by only binding to self
  • they can also sort out by binding to different amounts of type of cadherin expressed
  • this is an important process in development
21
Q
  1. What does the extracellular matrix consist of?
A
  1. proteoglycans
  2. water
  3. minerals
  4. fibrous proteins
22
Q
  1. What is a proteoglycan? Describe the different parts of a proteoglycan.
    (look up on study blue too)
A

= A core protein that has glycosaminoglycans attached to it (has them attached through a link tetrasaccharide)

23
Q

18A. What are glycosaminoglycans?

A

????????????

24
Q

18B. Describe some aspects of the glycosaminoglycans structure

A
  • are abundant in extra cellular matrix
  • are large carbohydrates that consists of repeating disaccharides
  • has an amine group associated with it,
  • are attached to a core protein
25
Q

19A. What do fibroblasts do?

A

= secrete the extra cellular matrix

26
Q

19B. Where would you find fibroblasts cells?

A

= within connective tissue

27
Q
  1. What is hyaluronan?
A

????????????

28
Q
  1. What is collagen?
A

= Collagen is an abundant protein in extra cellular matrix

29
Q
  1. Describe the structure of collagen.
A
  • 3 amino acid chain wrapped around each other
  • each chain is a helix
  • 3 amino acids repeat x-y-glycine
30
Q
  1. What is elastin?
A

????????????

31
Q
  1. What is fibronectin?
A

????????????

32
Q
  1. What is the basal lamina?
A

= It is a 2D sheet that is made up out of proteins, attached to a cell cytoskeleton on the basal side via integrins

  • cells can control if intergrins are attached to the basal lamina (controlled through signaling molecules)
  • sometimes during development cells must be attached to the basal lamina to prevent apoptosis
33
Q

26.What is the basal lamina made of?

A
  • intergrins
  • intermediate filaments
  • collagen
  • etc
34
Q
  1. Describe the functions of the basal lamina.
A

= Acts as a barrier so that cells will not be able to cross through easily (cancerous cells)

  • is involved in cell regeneration (can act as a template of the original structure for regrowth)
  • structure that filatures blood in the kidney

Bio344-Cell and Molec (6 decks)

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