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Bio344-Cell and Molec > Bio344-Exam#3 (Q's & A's) > Flashcards

Bio344-Exam#3 (Q's & A's) Flashcards

1
Q

What does the protein cohesin do?

A

It keeps identical chromosomes attached to each other

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2
Q

What are the components of a proteoglycan?

A

protein, a tetrasacharide linker and glycosaminoglycans

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3
Q

Which cyclin becomes abundant in a cell when the cell moves from the G2 phase into mitosis?

A

M cyclin

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4
Q

Which factor below would directly impact filament growth rates?

A

subunit concentration

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5
Q

What does the protein Myc do?

A

It is a DNA binding protein that increases transcription of the cyclin D gene which codes for the G1 cyclin.

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6
Q

How does Ca2+ cause muscle contraction?

A

it binds troponin which shifts tropomyosin on the actin filaments

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7
Q

What happens to microtubules when they lose their GTP cap?

A

they will likely shrink

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8
Q

What is a function of the basal lamina?

A

filters toxins from blood in the formation of urine

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9
Q

What is a function of hemidesmosomes?

A

anchor cells to the extracellular matrix

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10
Q

What would happen in a cell if p27 proteins are degraded?

A

A p27 protein can bind to a cyclin Cdk complex thus in the absence of p27 many CdK would remain active.

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11
Q

What is the structure of collagen?

A

Three alpha-helices wrapped around each other

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12
Q

What does the E2F protein do?

A

It is a DNA binding protein that initiates S-phase gene transcription

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13
Q

What extracellular signal causes a cell to divide?

A

mitogens

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14
Q

What kind of proteins are gap junctions made out of?

A

connexins

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15
Q

What happens if the DNA of a dividing cell is damaged?

A

The enzyme p53 is activated

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16
Q

What could activate the enzyme p53?

A

DNA damage

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17
Q

What enzyme is responsible for moving a cell between the different phases of the cell cycle?

A

cyclin dependent kinase

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18
Q

What protein is present in desmosomes?

A

cadherin

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19
Q

What protein reduces M-CdK levels during the M phase?

A

APC

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20
Q

How can an active cyclin dependent kinase complex be inactivated?

A

through inhibitory phosphorylation

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21
Q

Why does proteolysis of the extracellular matrix impact the severity of cancer?

A

degradation of the extracellular matrix allows cancerous cells to spread through the body

22
Q

What is a function of tight junctions?

A

prevent movement of small molecules between cells

23
Q

The cytoskeleton in animal cells…

A

is dynamic and changes all the time

24
Q

Which cells excrete large amounts of extracellular components?

A

fibroblasts

25
Q

Where in most cells would you expect to find actin bundles?

A

right below the plasma membrane

26
Q

Which protein below, if hyperactive, could lead to cancer?

A

Myc

27
Q

What are the three parts of the myosin protein?

A

motor head, hinge region and tail

28
Q

What protein is present in the nucleation complex of microtubules?

A

gamma-tubulin

29
Q

What filament is mostly responsible for mechanical strength?

A

intermediate filaments

30
Q

What is the motif present in the amino acid chains that make up collagen?

A

glycine amino acid X amino acid Y

31
Q

What do survival factors do?

A

they inhibit apoptosis

32
Q

Which of the following is true of gap junctions?

A

they may be opened or closed

33
Q

How does a high level of Ca2+ effect cell to cell binding?

A

it causes the cadherins to become rigid and promotes homolytic binding between cells

34
Q

How do your muscles move?

A

myofibrils are contracted when myosin pulls on actin filaments

35
Q

which protein is common in the extracellular matrix?

A

collagen

36
Q

In which phase does cytokinesis occur?

A

the M phase

37
Q

Which group of proteins are motor proteins that interact with actin filaments?

A

myosin

38
Q

What enzymes initiate the apoptosis cascade?

A

caspases

39
Q

What type of polysaccharide is present in the extracellular matrix?

A

glycosaminoglycans

40
Q

What are the 4 phases in the cell division cycle?

A

G1, S, G2, and M

41
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

programmed cell death

42
Q

What protein below binds to the basal lamina?

A

integrin

43
Q

What does gelsolin do?

A

it breaks actin filaments

44
Q

What filament is involved with movement of vesicles around the cell?

A

microtubules

45
Q

What do actin subunits need to bind to be incorporated into a filament?

A

ATP

46
Q

What happens to actin filaments immediately after a blood platelet is activated?

A

Actin filaments are first severed producing many actin filament fragments

47
Q

Which of the following often occurs during apoptosis?

A

cytochrome C is released from the mitochondria.

48
Q

Where is the microtubule organizing center in the cell?

A

centrosome

49
Q

Which of the following proteins could decrease the rate of filament growth inside a cell?

A

stathmin

50
Q

What does the Rb protein do?

A

It functions as a brake of the cell cycle by binding the E2F protein.

Bio344-Cell and Molec (6 decks)

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