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A&P 2 LAB > CH.16 Endocrine system > Flashcards

CH.16 Endocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

Which is slower

Endocrine or Nervous

A

Endocrine

(can take seconds to days)

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2
Q

What does the Endocrine system regulate?

A

growth, development, metabolism

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3
Q

Endocrine system maintans homestatic balance of what?

A

Electrolytes, water and nutrients in blood

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4
Q

Endocrine glands secrete internal secretions
(hormones) directly into the what?

A

The blood

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5
Q

What do Endocrine glands mm,,,,, m,,nSecrete?
What do Exocrine glands secrete?

A

Endo- Hormones
Exo- (Tears, Sweat, Saliva)

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6
Q

Exocrine glands secrete external secretions,
(tears, sweat, saliva, etc.) into body cavities or
onto body surface via what?

A

Duct systems

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7
Q

Endocrine

What are known as chemical messengers?

A

Hormones

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8
Q

Endocrine systemm:

How do endocrine hormones reach their target cells?

A

Hormones are transported through the blood stream to target cells.

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9
Q

What makes a cell
the target of a
hormone?

affect specific

Hormones travel inthe blood throughout the body, but only
affect specific target cells

A

Target cells have receptors specific for
the hormone

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10
Q

Hormones travel through what

A

Bloodstream and goes to target tissue

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11
Q

Master glands of the body

A

Hypothalamus + Pituitary

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12
Q

Water Soluble Hormones (1st messenger) Binds to extracellular receptors.

Why not intracellular?-

A

IT cannot pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.

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13
Q

Adenylate Cyclase does what ?

A
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14
Q

What does Insulin do?

A

Insulin
binds to receptors on
its target cells which
quickly turn on glucose
transporters
Blood glucose levels
fall rapidly (in minutes)
as glucose is taken
into target cells by
carrier-mediated
facilitated diffusion
Amino acid-based hormones can
produce rapid responses
Glucose
transporters
Insulin
Insulin
receptor
Target cell

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15
Q

“Insulin lowers blood glucose levels” means that

A

Insulin signals target cells to increase uptake of
glucose molecules from the blood

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16
Q

Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors because …

A
17
Q

Humoral Stimulus

A
18
Q

Are thyroid hormones water soluble?
(T3/ T4)

A

No
(Bind to intracellular receptors)

19
Q

Amino acid Based Hormones (Water-Soluble) rely on extracellular or intracellular

A

rely on extracellular receptors to send signals inside the cell using second messengers (like cAMP or calcium).

20
Q

What is the 2nd messenger for Water Soluble Hormones (Amino Acid Based)

A

cAMP.

2nd messenger to amplify the signal in response to hormone binding.

21
Q

extracellular

The G-protein activates an enzyme called….

A

adenylyl cyclase

22
Q

epinephrine, glucagon, insulin are

WATER orLIPID SOLUBLE HORMONES

Bind to EXTRACELLULAR or INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS?

A

WATER SOLUBLE HORMONES

Bind to EXTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS

23
Q

Step 1:

Water-soluble hormones affect target cells by binding to __________.

EXTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS

A

plasma membrane receptors

24
Q

Step 2:

Adenylyl Cyclase converts ATP to ___.

A

cAMP

25
Q

The role of activated protein kinases is to_____

A

add phosphate groups (phosphorylate) to specific proteins inside the cell. (Phosphorylation)

26
Q

What are Lipid Soluble Hormones called?

(INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS)

A

Steroid Hormones + Thyroid Hormones
Cortisol
Estrogen
Testosterone
Progesterone
Aldosterone
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)

27
Q

Steroids are lipid-soluble hormones derived from______.

(INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS)

A

cholesterol

28
Q

Steroids are lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol and are synthesized by

(INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS)

A

endocrine glands.
Adrenal glands (producing cortisol, aldosterone,
+
Gonads (ovaries and testes) (producing estrogen, testosterone, progesterone)

29
Q

What Lipid Soluble Hormones is derived from Cholesterol?

(INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS)

A

Steroid Hormones
****
Cortisol
Estrogen
Testosterone
Progesterone
Aldosterone

30
Q

What Lipid Soluble Hormones is derived from Amino Acids?

(INTRACELLULAR RECEPTORS)

A

Thyroid Hormones
*****
Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)e

31
Q

What type of hormone enter the cell, bind to an intracellular receptor, activate genes in the nucleus, and increase protein production

A

lipid-soluble hormones

32
Q

After a lipid-soluble hormone is bound to its intracellular receptor, what does the hormone complex do?

A

acts as a transcription factor and binds to DNA, activating a gene

33
Q

Which hormone’s receptor is always bound to DNA, even when the receptor is empty?
insulin

A

thyroid hormone

34
Q

Do amino based acids produce slow or rapid responses?

What’s an example of this?

A

Rapid

35
Q

What’s an example of a carrier mediated facilitated diffusion?

A

Glucose

A&P 2 LAB (3 decks)

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