Ch16

Question 1

List 3 factors that can favor asexual or sexual reproduction

Answer 1

• environmental unpredictability
• number of niches
• parasite load

Question 2

Define red queen hypothesis

Answer 2

sexual reproduction is an adaptation that allows hosts to produce sufficient genetic variation to keep up with the evolution of their parasites
*coevolutionary arms race

Question 3

Define Asexual reproduction

Answer 3

Production of offspring from unfertilized gametes

Question 4

List 2 forms of Asexual reproduction

Answer 4

• Apomixis: undergo mitosis-like cell division

- Automixis: undego meiosis, but diploidy is restored in many ways

Question 5

Define twofold cost of sex

Answer 5

a substantial difference in fitness & number of offspring produced by asexual & sexual reproduction

Question 6

What is the twofold cost of sex a consequence of?

Answer 6

anisogamy

Question 7

Define anisogamy

Answer 7

when one sex can produce two different types of gametes

Question 8

Define isogamy

Answer 8

when individuals produce one type of gamete

Question 9

List the cost of sexual reproduction

Answer 9

• twofold cost of sex
• sex can break up favorable allele combinations
• finding mates
• performing courtship
• exposed to predation risk
• acquiring parasites

Question 10

List the benefits of sexual reproduction

Answer 10

• sex remove harmful mutations
• speed up evolution by natural selection
• unite benecial mutations

Question 11

Parasites usually evolve faster than the host how can hosts overcome this problem?

Answer 11

by increasing genetic variation through sexual reproduction

* red queen hypothesis