Ch01

Question 1

Charles Darwin created a “paradigm shift” that caused a scientific revolution that changes the way people think with his theory of evolution by…

Answer 1

Natural Selection

Question 2

Name 2 main ideas that Darwin discovered that suggest everything on earth now is a result of evolutionary changes over time

Answer 2

1) descent with modification: species living today are descendat of past species that lived
2) natural selection, a mechanism of evolutionary change

Question 3

Paradigm shifts lead to what statement?

Answer 3

“nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” (Dobzhansky 1973, p. 125)

Question 4

Define Evolutionary biology

Answer 4

the study of origin, maintenance & diversity of life

Question 5

Define Genetic variation

Answer 5

the fabric of evolution that changes through time & descent with modification

Question 6

How does Artificial Selection differs from Natural Selection?

Answer 6

Although they both lead to phenotypic changes over time, humans pick which organisms will reproduce in artificial selection unlike natural selection.
ex. strawberries

Question 7

Do bacteria also undergo natural selection?

Answer 7

Yes, antibiotic bacteria are increasing as we try to kill them. Their vast numbers by cell reproduction helps give them opportunities for mutations

Question 8

Define Empirical Approaches

Answer 8

comparative studies using observation & manipulative experiments
ex. genetic cross of flowers

Question 9

If chimpanzee & human genomes differ only about 1.3% at level of DNA base pairs, how can we
explain dramatic differences in appearance, behavior, cultures, etc., between humans & chimps?

Answer 9

gene expression of humans & chimps are different

Question 10

Define theoretical approaches

Answer 10

studies involve mathematical models focusing on critical details of system ignoring least important factors.

• Useful to make inferences
  ex. why is sex ratio usually 1:1?

Question 11

Explain result of Fisher’s mathematical theory relating to sex ratio

Answer 11

must observe grandchildren to determine the benefits of the first generation. If one gender is more than the other, then reproduction will be limited

Question 12

Butterfly infected with Wolbachia, disrupt their 1:1 sex ratio. How was this resolved?

Answer 12

over time the 1:1 sex ratio is restored due to changes in the butterfly