Ch.15 - Drug Addiction and Brain's Reward System Flashcards
What is the politically correct term for addiction?
Substance use disorder
Used interchangeably with addiction.
What are the routes of drug administration?
Ingestion, injection, inhalation, and absorption through mucous membranes.
What is the most common route of drug administration in a medical setting?
Ingestion.
What is a drawback of ingestion as a drug administration route?
The onset of action is slow due to the need for digestion.
What is the preferred route of drug administration in medical settings?
Injection.
What are the types of injection routes?
Subcutaneous (sc), intramuscular (im), and intravenous (iv).
Which injection route is the fastest?
Intravenous (iv).
What is a potential danger of intravenous drug use?
High overdose potential, especially with street drugs.
What is the mechanism of psychoactive drug action in the CNS?
Drugs cross the blood-brain barrier and alter psychological effects.
What are non-specific actions of drugs?
Diffuse actions on different cell types, such as anesthetics blocking sodium channels.
What are specific actions of drugs?
Actions on specific neurotransmitters, including presynaptic and postsynaptic effects.
What is drug tolerance?
A diminishing effect from repeated exposure to the same dose of a drug.
How is drug tolerance measured?
By a decrease in response to the same drug and requiring an increased dose for the same effect.
What is metabolic drug tolerance?
A decrease in the amount of drug reaching the target due to liver metabolism.
What is functional drug tolerance?
A decrease in the action of the drug at the target.
What is contingent drug tolerance?
Tolerance that develops only to drug effects that are actually experienced.
What is conditioned drug tolerance?
Tolerance expressed in the presence of stimuli that predict drug administration.
What did Siegel’s theory of conditioned drug tolerance propose?
Cues predicting drug administration elicit responses opposite to the drug’s effects.
What is conditioned withdrawal?
Withdrawal symptoms that occur in environments associated with drug use.
What did Krank and Perkins demonstrate in their study on conditioned withdrawal?
Subjects receiving morphine in the test environment showed more withdrawal symptoms.
