Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

370 midterm 2 > ch. 16: biopsychology of emotion, stress and health > Flashcards

ch. 16: biopsychology of emotion, stress and health Flashcards

1
Q

Darwins theory of evolution of emotion

A
  • emotional responses accompany the same emotional states in all members of a species
  • expressions of emotions evolve from behaviours that indicate what the animal is gonna do next
  • original function of emotion may be lost in order to enhance their communicative function
  • opposite measures are signaled by opposite movements which is called antithesis (dominance and aggression signaled by eye contact, submission signaled by looking away)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

James Lange theories

A
  • first physiological theory of emotion
  • emotion inducing sensory stimuli are received and interpreted by cortex which triggers changes in skeletal muscles via somatic nervous system, then these responses trigger experience of emption in the brain
  • argued that autonomic activity and behaviour that are triggered by emotional event produce the feeling of emotion
  • emotional experience depends on feedback from autonomic and somatic nervous system

(causal relation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cannon bard theories

A
  • emotional stimuli have to independent excitatory effects: excite both the feeling of emotion in the brain and the expression of emotion in the autonomic system (views emotional experiences as paralell processes with no causal relation)
  • emotional experience is independent from feedback of autonomic and somatic nervous system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

modern biopsychological view on emotions

A

perception of emotion inducing stimulus, autonomic and somatic responses to stimulus, and experience of the emotion can influence each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what brain structure is critical for the expression of aggressive responses

A

hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Limbic system and emotion according to papez

A
  • emotional expression is controlled by several interconnected nuclei
  • amygdala, mamillary body, hippocampus, fornix, cingulate cortex, septum, olfactory bulb, hyopthalamus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Kluver bucy sundrome

A
  • pattern of behvaiour in monkeys whose anterior temporal lobes had been removed
  • ate anything that was edible, increase sex activity, lack of fear etc.
  • damage to the amygdala
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

who came up with the atlas of facial expression associated with emotions

A

Ekman et al.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to Ekman what are the primary emotions

A
  • surprise, anger, sadness, disgust, fear, happiness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

facial feedback hypothesis

A

our facial expressions infleucne our emotional experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how to distinguish real vs fake expresisons

A

microexpressions, looking at muscles involved (orbicularis oculi is controlled involuntrily so only a real smile has this)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T or F: fear is the motivating force for defenseive behaviours

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Primary function of agressive behaviours

A

to threaten or harm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blanchard and Blanchard on colony intruder model of aggression and defense in rats

A
  • ## dominant male and submissive male
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

distinguishing between defensive and aggressive behaviours

A
  1. topography (form)
  2. situations that elicit them
  3. apparent function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

target site concept

A

idea that aggresive and defensive behaviours og an animal are often designed to attack specific sites while protecting its own (to protect itself)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

testosterone and aggression

A

testosterone increases social aggression in males

  • hard to interpret bc engaging with aggressive behvaiours increases testosterone itself
  • aggressive behaviour does not increase in males at puberty even tho test levels rise, aggressive behaviour is not eliminated by aggression, and it is not increased by injections of testosterone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

fear conditioning

A

establishment of fear in resonse to a previously neutral stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LeDoux et al findings for auditory fear conditioning

A
  • bilateral lesions to auditory pathways of rats, medial geniculate nucleus, blocked fear conditioning to a tone but lesions to the auditory cortex did not
  • for fear conditioning to occur to a tone, the signals needed to reach the medial geniculate nucleus but not the auditory cortex
  • found that lesions to amygdala blocked auditory fear conditioning

pathway from medial geniculate nucleus to amygdala was key in auditory fear conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are two amygdalar nuclei

A

lateral nucleus of amygdala and central nucleus of amygdala

-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

role of lateral nucleus of amygdala and fear

A
  • involved in acquisition, storage and expression of conditioned fear
  • receives projections from hippocampus and and prefrontal cortex

lateral=learning of fear (storing, remembering and expressing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

role of central amygdala nucleus

A

controls defensive behaviour

central= defensive (cd)

23
Q

T or F: emotions are expressed diffusley in the brain

A

T, no one centre

24
Q

embodiment of emotions

A

re experiencing of related patterns of motor, autonomic and sensory neural activity during emotional experience

25
Urbach Wiethe disease
genetic disorder thay results in calcification of the amygdala and surrounding medial temporal lobes, looses ability to perceive faces of fear, fine in other emotions
26
t or f medial prefrontal lobes are actgivated in both supression and reappraisal paradigms
T, meaning it is involved in emotional supression and making decisions abt emotions
27
what do medial prefrontal lobes do
monitor the difference between outcome and expectancy - encode stimulus value over time - to predict the liklihood of error - to mediate conscious awareness and social decision making
28
what is the right hemisphere model of emotion
- the right hemisphere is specialized that for all aspects of emotional procesing: perception, expression, and experience
29
the valence model of emotion
proposes that the right hemisphere is specialized for processing negative emotion and the left hemisphere is specialized for processing positive emotion
30
The stress response by Hans seyle
- dual nature - short term it produces adaptive changes to help the animal respond to the stressor but in the long term it produces maladaptive changes (enlarged adrenal glands) - stress response attributed to the activation of the anterior pituitary adrenal cortex system stressors acting on neural circuits stimulate the release of ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone) from the anterior pituitary which triggers the release of glucocorticoids form adrenal cortex
31
adrenal medulla in stress response
stimulated by sympathetic nervous system and releases norepineprhine and epinephrine
32
adrenal cortex in stress response
stimulated by anterior pituitary (ACTH) to release glucocorticoids
33
cytokines
group of peptide hormones that are released by many cells and participate in a variety of physiological and immunological functions, cause inflammation and fever
34
T or F: stressors produce an increase. in cytokines
T
35
subordination stress
type of conspecific stress (within ones species) - when conspecifc threat becomes a part of dailu life - studied in social dominance hierarchies
36
psychosomatic disorders
medical disorders in which psychologocal factors play a role
37
gastric ulcers
one of the first medical disorders to be considered psychosomatic - painful lesions to the lining of the stomach and duodenum - occur when ppl are living in stressful situations etc
38
psychoimmunology
the study of interactions among psychological factors, the nervous system, and the immune system
39
behavioural immune systems
- human are motivated to avoid contact with individuals who display symptoms of being ill
40
innate immune system
first component of immune system to react - triggered when receptors called toll like receptors bind to molecules on the surface of the pathogens or when injured cells send out alarm signals - one of the first reactions of the innate system is inflammation (cytokines) which attracl leukocytes (white blood cells) and phagocytes (engulfing cells)
41
adaptive immune system
- evolved more recently - slower reacts to specific antigens has memory so it remembers pathogens it destroyed main cells of adaptive immune system are specialized leukocytes called lymphocytes (T cells and B cells)
42
what do T cells do
- specialized leukocytes that direct cell mediated immunity - T cells has two receptors, one for molecules normally found on phagocytes and other cells and then one only for foreign antigens - once it binds to the antigen it creates more T cells with that specific receptor to kill all the bad ones
43
what do B cells do
- specialized leukocytes antibody mediated immunity - B cells bind to forign antigen and multiples and synthesizes a lethal form of its receptor molecules which are called anitbodies - they are then released into the intracelluar fluid where they bind to the forign antigens and kill them - have memory
44
vaccination
- B cells have memory - prophylactic (preventative) effect
45
distress
stress that disrupts health or other aspects of funcitoning
46
eustress
stress that improves health or aspects of funcitoning (acute) brief stress
47
T or F: short term cytokines are good anf help the body combat infection but long term cytokines are associated with adverse effect
T
48
T or F: rat pups who were touched and handled as pups had less increases in circulating glucocortioids in response to stressors when older
T
49
T or F: pups who were separated from thier mothers in infancy had elevated behavioural and hormonal responses to stress
T
50
hippocampus has a dense population of ___
glucocorticoid receptors
51
effects of stress inhippocampus
reduces dendritic branches, reduces adult neurogenesis in syppocampus, reduces perfromance in tasks using hippocampus, reduced ability to modify hippocampal synapses - corticosterone: major glucicorticoid induces these effects - adrenalectomy: removal od adrenal glands blocks this effects
52
in response to stress, glucocoirticoids are released from
the adrenal cortex
53
adrenal medulla releases
norepinephrine and epinephrine in response to stress

370 midterm 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions