Ch.14 - The Federal Judicial System: Applying the Law

Question 1

“Chapter Fourteen” in your “We the People” textbook is all about ______?

Answer 1

The Federal Judiciary (The Courts)

Question 2

“Article III” of the “U.S. Constitution”

Answer 2

Is all about the Judicial Branch

Question 3

“Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015” // The Supreme Court legalized “same sex marriage” in “all” states in accordance with:

Answer 3

The “Equal Protection Clause” of the 14th Amendment

Question 4

The “United States Supreme Court” functions overwhelmingly as:

Answer 4

An Appellate Court

Question 5

“Alexander Hamilton” argued that which one of “the three branches” of government would be “the weakest branch” and least dangerous?

Answer 5

Judicial

Question 6

“Federalist #78” // In this essay, “Alexander Hamilton” argued:

Answer 6

In favor of lifetime appointments to the Supreme Court

Question 7

Which one of the “three branches” of the Federal Government has the “Power of the Purse”?

Answer 7

Legislative (Congress)

Question 8

Which of the “three branches” of the Federal Government has the “Power of the Sword”?

Answer 8

Executive

Question 9

Which one of the “three branches” of the Federal Government has the (“Power of the Intellect and Judgement”)?

Answer 9

Judicial

Question 10

“Original Jurisdiction” // Which one of the following cases would “originate” in the Supreme Court?

Answer 10

New York State v. New Jersey

Question 11

Cases involving “foreign diplomats” would come to the Supreme Court “on appeal” from a lower court.

Answer 11

FALSE

*Foreign Diplomat cases go straight to Supreme Court (Original Jurisdiction)

Question 12

When the Supreme Court takes a case “on appeal” from a “lower court”, The Supreme Court….

Answer 12

The Supreme Court determines whether the lower court tried the case properly. That’s all.

Question 13

“Brown v. Board, 1954” // The Supreme Court “banned segregation” in “all” states in accordance with:

Answer 13

The “Equal Protection Clause” of the 14th Amendment

Question 14

“Lower courts” rely on and follow Supreme Court decisions (precedents) no “matter how misguided” the original decision might have been. This principle was solidified in which court case.

Answer 14

“Hutto v. Davis, 1982”

Question 15

Presidents must be careful when “appointing a justice to the Supreme Court”. The nominee may turn out to be the opposite of what the president may have believed. “President Eisenhower” made “two such egregious mistakes” with the appointments of:

Answer 15

Earl Warren & William Brennan

Question 16

The first “African-American” to be appointed to the Supreme Court was:

Answer 16

Thurgood Marshall

Question 17

The “first woman” to be appointed to the Supreme Court was:

Answer 17

Sandra Day O’Connor

Question 18

“Law” that comes from “the U.S. Constitution” is referred to as:

Answer 18

Fundamental Law or Constitutional Law

Question 19

“Law” that comes from “the legislature” is referred to as:

Answer 19

Statutory Law

Question 20

“Stare Decisis” //// “Precedent” means that the decision stands as a guide, and….

Answer 20

and almost always is followed

Question 21

“During the 1960s there was a “campaign to Impeach” this controversial Chief Justice by angry white southerners:

Answer 21

Chief Earl Warren

Question 22

“Other than the U.S. President”, who else is capable of being impeached?

Answer 22

“Any member of the Executive Branch” and “Any member of the Judicial Branch”

Question 23

The power of “Judicial Review” was established by “John Marshall” in this landmark court case:

Answer 23

“Marbury v. Madison,1803”

Question 24

“Judicial Review” can do the following:

Answer 24

Overturn both Legislative and Executive action

Question 25

If the “people are unhappy” with a Supreme Court decision, there is only one way “to over-rule the Court”. And that is:

Answer 25

By amending the Constitution

Question 26

In 1913, the Supreme Court was “overruled” by which Amendment (concerning income tax)?

Answer 26

16th Amendment

Question 27

“Judicial Activism” // A justice who believes in “Activism” would be

Answer 27

A policy-maker

Question 28

“Judicial Restraint” // A justice who believes in “Restraint” would be

Answer 28

A strict follower of the Constitution

Question 29

“John Marshall” was a champion of:

Answer 29

Activism

Question 30

“Oliver Wendell Holmes” was a champion of:

Answer 30

Restraint

Question 31

The U.S. Supreme Court is made up with “Eight Associate Justices” and “One Chief Justice”, making “Nine” in total.

Answer 31

This is according to statutory law (U.S. Congress)

Question 32

Every President usually gets to make at least one appointment to the court. But it is rare that a president gets “three appointments” in a just a single term like “Donald Trump”. Please list the three appointments that former “President Trump (2017-2021)” has made to the Court.
(please list the three justices below)

Answer 32

2017 - Neil Gorsuch 2018 - Brett Kavanaugh

2020 - Amy Barrett

Question 33

How many Supreme Court “appointments” did President Jimmy Carter get during his one and only term (1977-1981)?

Answer 33

Jimmy Carter did not make any appointments / Zero

Question 34

How would you best describe “Amy Coney Barrett”, President Trumps’ most recent appointment to the Supreme Court?

Answer 34

Conservative, Restraint, Interpreter of the Constitution, Strict Constructionist

Question 35

“Campaign Finance” // Which controversial Supreme Court case struck down “limitations on Campaign Spending” by Corporations?

Answer 35

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission