Ch14 - Future of fMRI: Practical and ethical issues

Question 1

reverse interference

Answer 1

reasoning from the outcome of a dependent variable to infer the state of an independent variable

Question 2

individual differences

Answer 2

measure of variation among individuals within a population

Question 3

neuroessentialism

Answer 3

the intuition that neuroscience data are isomorphic with subjective self

Question 4

neurorealism

Answer 4

the tendency to consider a behavioral or mental phenomenon to be more real based on the presence of neuroscience data

Question 5

converging operations

Answer 5

employing 2+ techniques to provide complementary evidence used to test an experimental hypothesis or scientific theory

Question 6

Nuremberg Code

Answer 6

set of principles for the ethical conduct of research involving human subjects, developed following the Nazi war criminals in the 1940s

Question 7

Health Insurance Portability and accountability act

Answer 7

an act passed by the U.S Congress that requires specific procedures for ensuring the privacy of health information

Question 8

de-identification

Answer 8

removal of information that may link research data or medical information to a particular individual

Question 9

redundant safeguards

Answer 9

the use of multiple independent procedures that could each identify potential problems or unsafe situations

Question 10

subsequent memory

Answer 10

an approach to fMRI analyses that sorts experimental stimuli based on whether they were remembered or forgotten in later testing sessions, thus allowing identification of brain regions whose activation predicts successful encoding of stimulus properties into memory

Question 11

imaging genomics

Answer 11

new field that investigates the effect of genetic variation of brain structure and function

Question 12

neuroeconomics

Answer 12

the combination of neuroscience measures and behavioral modeling to understand decision-making and related aspects of cognition