Ch.14, Cognitive development in adolescence

Question 1

Why do more complex skills and thinking abilities emerge in adolescence?

Answer 1

researchers suggest that this is due to increases in processing speed and efficiency rather than as the result of an increase in mental capacity: just improvements in existing skills instead of gaining new ones

Question 2

Cognitive empathy

Answer 2

ability to take the perspective of others

Question 3

Steinburg

Answer 3

associates executive control with “ a braking system”: explains teenage risk taking behavior

Question 4

Formal operational stage of cognitive development

Answer 4

asbtract thinking and hypothetical reasoning is acquired

Question 5

Four requirements of piaget’s stages

Answer 5

1. always happen in the same order
2. no stage is ever skipped
3. each stage is a significant transformation of the stage before it
4. each later stage incorporated the earlier stages into itself

Question 6

Hypothetical deductive reasoning

Answer 6

dveeloping hypotheses based on what might logicalluy occur

Question 7

reaching formal operation, piaget

Answer 7

most people attain some degree pf formal thinking, but use this primarily in areas of their strongest interests

Question 8

Elkind and expansions to piaget’s theory, imaginary audience, personal fabl.e

Answer 8

theorized that the physiological changes that occur during adolescence result in adolescents being primarily concerned with themselves: they believe that others are just as fascinated with their appearance
imaginary audience: believe they are always bein watched at all times, contributes to being self-conscious
personal fable: belief that one is invulnerable to harm “not me” phenomena

Question 9

Pseudostupidity

Answer 9

approach problems at a level that is too complex and fail bc the tasks are simpler

Question 10

Hypocrisy

Answer 10

pretending to be what you are not

Question 11

Names of Kolhberg’s stages

Answer 11

Preconventional, stage 1: punisdhment and obedience orientation
Stage 2: instrumental relatavist orientation (if it feels good do it)
Conventional, Stage 3: good boy nice girl, do it for me
Stage 4:” law and order orientation
Postconventional Stage 5: social contract orientation, consensus of the people
Stage 6: universal ethical principles, what if everyone did that

Question 12

Gilligan, Morality of Care

Answer 12

ideas center on a morality of care, or system of beliefs about human
responsibilities, care, and consideration for others, proposed three moral positions that
represent different extents or breadth of ethical care. Unlike Kohlberg, or Piaget, she does not
claim that the positions form a strictly developmental sequence, but only that they can be
ranked hierarchically according to their depth or subtlety. In this respect her theory is “semi-
developmental” in a way similar to Maslow’s theory of motivation

Question 13

3 positions of morality, gilligan

Answer 13

Position 1: Survival Orientation Action that considers one’s personal needs only
Position 2: Conventional Care Action that considers others’ needs or preferences but no
one’s own
Position 3: Integrated Care Action that attempts to coordinate one’s own personal
needs with those of others

Question 14

memory? pg 371 to 378?

Question 15

Academic achievement predictive factors

Answer 15

interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional

Question 16

status dropout rate

Answer 16

refers to the percentage of 16-24 year olds who are not enrolled in school and don’t have a high school diploma

Question 17

teens working more than 20 hrs a week and in school

Answer 17

greater risk of substance abuse, disengagement from school, increase in substance abuse, engaging in earlier sexual behave ior, and pregnancy