Ch.13, Adolescence Physical

Question 1

Kinship family

Answer 1

families n which the full tyime care of a child is done by members of the community, relatives, or other adults

Question 2

Short term consequences of divorce in children

Answer 2

grief over the loss, reduced standard of living due to financial difficulties, adjusting to difficult transitions, lower education and economic status, improved relationship with their c ustodial parent, greater emotional independence in sons, anxiety about their own romantic relationships, if parent is adjusting well, the child likely will as well

Question 3

Three stages of childhood friendship

Answer 3

1. reward-cost: what they get out of it, similar interests
2. normative expectation: friend is someone who is kind and shares
3. empathy and understanding

Question 4

Five stages of friendship from early childhood to adulthood, Selman

Answer 4

0. based on momentary physical interaction
1. one way assistance: som eone who does things for you
2. fairweather cooperation: friend is someone who returns a favor
3. intimate and mutual sharing
4. autonomous interdependence

Question 5

9 types of peer relationships

Answer 5

popular children
rejected children
controversial children: several people like them some don’t
neglected: not mentioned in any category
average: few positive votes with few negative
popular prosocial: cooperative, do well; in school
Popular antisocial: gain popularity by acting tough or “bad boy” b behaviors
rejected withdrawn: taregts of bullies
rejected aggressive: aggressive, loud, and confrontational

Question 6

Where in the brain activates aggression?

Answer 6

amygdala and pfc
testosterone is associated with aggression in males and females

Question 7

Bullying and those who tend to engage in bullying

Answer 7

unwanted aggressive behjavior among school aged children involving a real or perceived power imbalance
bullies tend to have very inflated self esteem and well connected peer relationships

Question 8

Social/relational bullying

Answer 8

involves spreading rumors, embarassing someone

Question 9

When does adolescence begin

Answer 9

12

Question 10

Average puberty start time for girls

Answer 10

10-11 girls
11-12 for boys
age of onset has decreased now due to better diet, and environmental factors

Question 11

Adolescent growth spurt

Answer 11

rapid increase in an individual’s height and weight from the release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones and androgens

Question 12

Brain changes in adolescence

Answer 12

myelinatiuon of development of synaptogenesis continues
brain’;s language areas undergo myelination during the first 13 years
greater myelin = diminished plasticity as myelin inhibits the growth of new connections

Question 13

synpatic pruning during adolescence

Answer 13

causes gray matter to become thinner but more efficient

Question 14

Limbic system and hormonal changes

Answer 14

linked to emotion/reward: linked to hormonal changes occurring at puberty
brain’;s sensitivity to dopamine here peaks, making them engage in more risk taking behavior
oxytocin makes bonding and social connections more rewarding

Question 15

mental illness diagnostiuc statistics in adolescence

Answer 15

50% of mental illness occurs by the age of 14, and 75% occurs by age 24

Question 16

First phase of puberty

Answer 16

begins when the pituitary glands stimulate sex hormones: testosterone in boys, progesterone in girls
increases height from 20-25%
triggers development of primary sex characteristics

Question 17

why does acne occur in teenage years

Answer 17

overactive sebaceous glands

Question 18

Menarche

Answer 18

first period, age 12-13

Question 19

Early maturing males

Answer 19

early maturing boys tend be physically stronger, taller, more athletic than later maturing peers
also at greater risk for substance use and early sexual activity

Question 20

brain region responsible for sexual fantasies

Answer 20

cerebral cortex
hypothalamus regulates sex drive

Question 21

Estrogen and progesterone effects on sex drive

Answer 21

estrogen: increases it
progesterone: decreases it

Question 22

Oxytocin and prolactin

Answer 22

stimulate milk production in females

Question 23

Vasopressin

Answer 23

associated with sex drive in males

Question 24

risk factors for adolescent pregnancy

Answer 24

parent/child closeness, parental supervision, and parents’ values against teen intercourse/unprotected intercourse decreased the risk of pregnancy
living in low socioeconomic status, early puberty, and victim of sexual violence increases the risk

Question 26

14 methods of reversible birth control

Answer 26

IUD: small device placed inside uterus n
implant: thin rod under skin of upper arm
Injection
Oral pills
Patch
Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring: ring placed in vagina,
Spermicide
Diagraphm: covers cervix
Sponge: contains spermicide and and is fitted over the cervix
Condoms, female/male
natural family planning
copper IUD
plan B

Question 27

sleep needed per night for adolescents

Answer 27

8-10 hrs
as adolescents go through puberty, their circadian rhythms change and push back their sleep time until later in the evening

Question 28

Eating disorders?? risk factors

Answer 28

social, environmental and genetic

Question 29

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 29

intense fear of gaining weight most mortality rate out of any 512

Question 30

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 30

reccurent episodes of binge eating then purging

Question 31

binge eating disorder

Answer 31

only difference is that it doesnt have purging behaviors

Question 32

health consequences of eating disorders

Answer 32

slow heart rate, reduction in bone desnity, dehydration = anorexia
binge eating/bulimia: rupture of esophogas, obesity, high blood pressure, Type II diabetes

Question 33

psychoactive drugs and its 4 categories

Answer 33

psychoactive: change states of consciousness, particularly perceptions and moods, typically in the form of tranquilizers, anti-anxiety meds, sleeping pills
Stimulantm (1): blocks reuptake of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin = increase in activity of sympthathetic nervous system
Depressants: relieve pain, lower heart rate, anticonvulsants
opioids: increase activity in brain, euphoria, analgesia, slower breathing g
Hallucinogenics: alter sensation and perception and create hallucinations

Question 34

Types of stimulants and their consequences

Answer 34

caffeine: could have dependence, but low psychological and physical potential
Nicotine: high psychological dependence, high physical dependence, high addiction potential, one of the hardest addictions to break, e-cigareette aeorsol contains chemicals harmful to the lungs
Amphematimes: moderate psychological dependence, low physical dependence, moderate to high addiction potential

Question 35

3 types of depressants and their consequences

Answer 35

Alcohol: impaired judgemnent, loss of coordination, moderate psychological dependence, moderate physical dependence, moderate addiction potential
Barbiturates and benzodiazapenes: sluggishness,m slowed speech, coma, death, moderate psychological dependence, moderate physical dependence, moderate addiction potential
Toxic inhalants: brain damage and death, high psychological dependence, high physical dependents, high addiction potential

Question 36

most commonly used depressant and short term and longterm risks

Answer 36

alcohol
binge drinking: 4-5 drinks on a single occasion
risky sex, FAS, fatal injuries, IPV
Overtime: high blood pressure, heart disease, liver problems, cancer, learning and memory problems, mental health problems, social problems, alcoholism

Question 37

3 types of opiods and their consequences

Answer 37

opium: vomitting, tolerance, addiction, moderate physical, moderate addiction
Morphine: restlessne4ss, irritability, headache, high psychological dependence, moderate physical dependence, moderate addiction potential
Heroin: same as morphone, but twice as addictive, high psychological dependence, moderate physical dependence, high addiction potential

Question 38

Types of hallucinogenics and consequences

Answer 38

all have low psychological dependence, low physical dependence, low addiction
LSD, mescaline, PCP, peyote, marijuana

Question 39

difference between tolerance and dependence

Answer 39

tolerance: need more dose to get same effects
dependence: need to use drug or other substance regularly

Question 40

list of disorders

Answer 40

Anxiety Disorders
Psychological disturbances marked by irrational fears, often of everyday
objects and situations. They include generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),
panic disorder, phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Anxiety disorders affect about 57
million Americans every year.
Dissociative
Disorders
Conditions that involve disruptions or breakdowns of memory,
awareness, and identity. They include dissociative amnesia, dissociative
fugue, and dissociative identity disorder.
Mood Disorders
Psychological disorders in which the person’s mood negatively
influences his or her physical, perceptual, social, and cognitive
processes. They include dysthymia, major depressive disorder, and
bipolar disorder. Mood disorders affect about 30 million Americans
every year.
Schizophrenia
A serious psychological disorder marked by delusions, hallucinations,
loss of contact with reality, inappropriate affect, disorganized speech,
social withdrawal, and deterioration of adaptive behavior. About 3
million Americans have schizophrenia.
Personality
Disorder
A long-lasting but frequently less severe disorder characterized by
inflexible patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others that causes
problems in personal, social, and work situations. They are
characterized by odd or eccentric behavior, by dramatic or erratic
behavior, or by anxious or inhibited behavior. Two of the most
important personality disorders are borderline personality disorder
(BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (APD).
Somatization
Disorder
A psychological disorder in which a person experiences numerous long-
lasting but seemingly unrelated physical ailments that have no
identifiable physical cause. Somatization disorders include conversion
disorder, body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and hypochondriasis.
Factitious
Disorder
When patients fake physical symptoms in large part because they enjoy
the attention and treatment that they receive in the hospital.
56 Disease Prevention and Healthy Lifestyles – Mental Illness in Children and Adolescents by Lumen Learning
references Contemporary Health Issues by: Judy Baker, Ph.D., which is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
358 | C h i l d G r o w t h a n d D e v e l o p m e n t
Disorder/Syndrome Description
Sexual Disorders
A variety of problems revolving around performing or enjoying sex.
Sexual dysfunctions include problems relating to loss of sexual desire,
sexual response or orgasm, and pain during sex.
Paraphilia
A sexual deviation where sexual arousal is obtained from a consistent
pattern of inappropriate responses to objects or people, and in which
the behaviors associated with the feelings are distressing and
dysfunctional.
Depression
When symptoms cause serious distress and negatively influence
physical, perceptual, social, and cognitive processes. Teens with
depression were often dismissed as being moody or difficult. About 11
percent of adolescents have a depressive disorder by age 18 according
to the National Comorbidity Survey-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A).
Depressed teens with coexisting (comorbid) disorders such as substance
abuse problems are less likely to respond to treatment for depression.
Studies focusing on conditions that frequently co-occur and how they
affect one another may lead to more targeted screening tools and
interventions. With medication, psychotherapy, or combined treatment,
most youth with depression can be effectively treated. Youth are more
likely to respond to treatment if they receive it early in the course of
their illness