ch14 Flashcards
Four classifications of informative speech
- Objects
- Speeches and process
- Speech of events
- Speech about concepts
describes something that is visible, tangible and stable in form. May have moving parts
Objects
explains a process so the audience will understand it better
speeches about processes
deal with any kind of happening or occurrence. May be historical or everyday in nature
speech of events
conveys information concerning beliefs, theories, principles or other abstract subjects.
speech about concepts
Five guidelines for effective informative speak
- be wary of overestimating what the audience knows
- Relate the subject directly to the audience
- Avoid being to technical
- Avoid abstractions
- Personalize your ideas
Advantages of visual aid
- strengthen clarity of message
- increase interest speakers information
- make speakers message easier for listeners to retain
- enhance speakers credibility
- improve speakers persuasiveness
- helps speaker combat stage fright
6 basic guidelines to visual aid
- Prepare visual aid in advance
- keep it simple
- make visual add large
- use limited number of fonts
- use color effectively
- use fonts that are easy to read
Presenting visual aid
- Avoid chalkboard
- Display so the audience can see them
- Avoid passing visual aid among the audience
- Display while discussing them
- talk to audience not the visual aid
- explain visual aid
- practice with visual aids when rehearsing the speech
___________ is a branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs
Ethics
Guidelines for ethical speaking
- make sure your goals are ethically sound
- Be fully prepared for each speech
- Be honest in what you say
- Avoid name calling and other forms of abusive language
- Put ethical principles into practice
Guidelines for ethical listening
- Be courteous and attentive
- Avoid prejudging the speaker
- Maintain the free and open expression of ideas
________ is the use of language to demean other individuals or groups.
Name-calling
Why is name calling bad in a speech?
- Degrade the personal dignity of the people being attacked.
- Conveys negative, stereotyped, and misleading information about those people
- Creates problems in public speaking when it is used to silence opposing voices
_________ is the use of someone else ideas or words without giving them credit
Plagiarism
What are the 3 types of plagiarism?
- Global
- Incremental
- Patchwork
____________ plagiarism is taking an entire speech from a single source and passing it off as ones own.
Global
_____________ plagiarism is when a speaker fails to give credit for specific parts.
Incremental
____________ plagiarism occurs when a speaker patches a speech together by copying verbatim from 2 or 3 sources.
Patchwork
___________ abbreviated manuscript footnote the tells the audience where you found your information.
Oral footnote
_____________ are words that refer to tangible objects
Concrete words
______________ words that refer to ideas and concepts
Abstract words
_________________ meaning suggested by the association or emotions triggered by a word or phrase.
Connotative
_______________ The literal or dictionary meaning of a word or phrase.
Denotative
___________ a trite or overused expression
cliche
A comparison not using like or as between 2 things.
Metaphor
A comparison using like or as
Simile
____________ is a similar arrangement of a pair or series of related words, phrases, or sentences
Parallelism
Book of synonyms
Thesaurus
What are the 4 nonsexist usage widely accepted?
- avoid generic use of “he”
- avoid “ man” when referring to both men and women
- avoid stereotyping jobs and social rules
- avoid unnecessary or patronizing gender labels
____________ is a collection of 3 to 12 people who assemble for a specific purpose.
Small group
__________ is the ability to influence group members so as to help achieve the goals of the group.
Leadership
What are the 4 types of leaders?
- No specific leader
- implied leader
- Emergent leader
- Designed leader
___________ leader is when the need for leadership arises and any member can provide it
No specific leader
__________ group member to whom other members defer because of her or his rank, expertise or other quality.
Implied leader
___________ leader is a group member who emerges as a leader during the group deliberations.
Emergent leader
___________ leader is a person who is elected or appointed as leader when the group is formed.
Designed leader
___________ needs are routine actions necessary for the efficient conduct of business in a small group.
Procedural
__________ needs are substantive actions necessary to help a small group complete its assigned task.
Task
__________ needs communicate actions necessary to maintain interpersonal relations in a small group
Maintanance
___________ group decision that is acceptable to all members of the group.
Consensus
____________ speech presenting the findings, conclusions decisions of a small group.
Oral report
____________ public presentation in which several people present prepared speeches on different aspects of the same topic.
symposium
____________ structured conversations on a given topic among several people infant of an audience.
Panel discussion
