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GCSE Computer Science > CH13 > Flashcards

CH13 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a PAN

A

Personal Area Network - A network between 1-2 devices up to 10 metres apart. E.g Bluetooth

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2
Q

What is a LAN

A

Local Area Network - found in homes, school, offices.
-Use Ethernet, fibre optic cables and wifi(micro/radio)

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3
Q

What are the 2 configurations of LAN

A

-Client server network
-Peer to peer network

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4
Q

Define client server network

A

Client devices connect to the network and interact with the central server,which is responsible for security and storing files , to gain access to the network.

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5
Q

Advantage and disadvantages of client server:

A

-ADV: Easy for clients to join using their account details.
-DISADV- Relies heavily on IT support

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6
Q

What is a peer to peer network

A

Devices connected directly. Files are stored on individual devices.

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7
Q

Peer to peer network advan + disadvan

A

-Advantage- devices individually configurable

-disadvantage - All users need to be competent with settings on devices.
- Files may be lost if a device is broken

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8
Q

What is a WAN

A

Wide Area Network - A network of LANS which spans the world.

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9
Q

What is a NIC

A

Network Interface Card - interfaces with the network an sends + receives data. Has a unique MAC address

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10
Q

What is a MAC address

A

Media Access Control address - a unique code
-48 bits long

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11
Q

What is a network switch

A

-A device with ethernet sockets.
-Reads data packet destinations and sends to them to the correct device

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12
Q

What is a wireless access point?

A

Provides Wi-Fi connections to the LAN.

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13
Q

What is a router?

A

-manages devices by allocating IP addresses.
-Connects LANS to WANS.
-Receives data from the WAN and redirects it to the LAN device.

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14
Q

What hardware links LAN to the WAN

A

telephone lines

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15
Q

What are fibre optics and advantages

A

-Fastest bandwidth and data can travel great distances.(usually in WANs)
-Uses light pulses to transit binary data

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16
Q

disadvantages of fibre optics

A

Very expensive

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17
Q

What are Ethernet cables

A

Wires used in LAN with high bandwidth.
-Uses electrical pulses of binary data.

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18
Q

How are microwaves used in LANs

A

Used to link buildings together in a LAN where cables are not possible.

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19
Q

Disadvantage of microwaves

A

dependent on distance and weather

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20
Q

Advantages of Wifi

A

Allows devices to be portable
Cheap

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21
Q

Disadvantages of wifi

A

poor bandwidth, dependent on obstacles, and distance

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22
Q

How to calculate bandwidth

A

MB x 8
———- Megabits per sec
seconds

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23
Q

function of modem

A

converts digital LAN signals to analogue signals for telephone wires(WAN)

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24
Q

function of IP address

A

Internet protocol address - used to identify devices connected to a LAN

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25
Q

How many bits does IPv4 have

A

32 bits

26
Q

How many bits do IPv6 have

A

128 bits

27
Q

How to calculate number of unique addresses with n number of bits?

A

2^n

28
Q

Why are we still using IPv4?

A

We are coping by swapping IP’s around when devices are not in use.

29
Q

What is bandwidth

A

rate of data transfer across a network

30
Q

What topology does LAN use

A

STAR

31
Q

What topology does WAN use

A

Mesh topology

32
Q

Advantages of star topology

A

-Removing a device won’t break the network
-simpler to setup
-If one link fails, network will continue to work
-Data travels a direct path

33
Q

Disadvantage of star topology

A

-Depends on the functioning of switches
-Network will slow if traffic is heavy

34
Q

Advantages of mesh topology

A

-If one route has high traffic, data can take another due to alternative nodes
-If one node fails, alternate nodes exist.
-Adding more nodes will not slow network

35
Q

Disadvantages of Mesh topology

A

-Expensive to setup
-requires continuous monitoring.

36
Q

Why is data not sent in one block

A

-Takes a long time to transmit, clogging the network
-If an error is made, the whole file would have to be sent again

37
Q

Why is data sent in packets?

A
  • can perform packet switching
    -if an error is picked up, only that packet has to be resent
38
Q

What is Packet switching

A

Packets switch routes to avoid high traffic

39
Q

What are TCP/IP protocols

A

The rules to send + receive data.

40
Q

What is the structure of TCP/IP protocols

A

they are wrapped around the packets.

Header
data packet
Footer

41
Q

what allocates the most efficient route of a WAN

A

WAN’s node’s routers

42
Q

What is in the header of the data packet

A

contains source and destination

43
Q

what is in the footer

A

-end of packet signal
-error checking code

44
Q

What are the 4 layers of TCP/IP

A

Application layer
Transport layer
Internet layer
Data link layer

45
Q

Application layer function

A

information about the application

46
Q

transport layer function

A

divides data into packets.
checks for errors
sends resend/acknowledgement signals

47
Q

internet layer function

A

adds destination + source(IP)

48
Q

data link layer function

A

information to link packet

49
Q

examples of application layer protocols

A

FTP - File Transfer protocol - provides rules
HTTP - Hyper Text Protocol
HTTPS - Hyper Text Protocol Secure
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol
POP - Post Office Protocol

50
Q

FTP function

A

provides rules to follow when files are being transferred

51
Q

HTTP function

A

rules to follow when transferring data from a web server

52
Q

SMTP function

A

rules to follow when sending emails from client to email server

53
Q

POP function

A

retrieves emails from email server and sends to client device

54
Q

IMAP protocol

A

retrieves a copy of email from email server. Allows emails to be viewed from multiple devices.

55
Q

Advantages of TCP/IP protocols layers

A

-Provides a universal standard for all devices
-one layer can be updated without affecting others
-simplifies model

56
Q

Process of sending data across WAN

A
  1. user sends
  2. Application layer of TCP/IP determines what protocol to use
  3. File is broken into packets by Transport layer
  4. Internet layer adds source and destination IP addresses to the packet headers
  5. Packets are sent from the PC through LAN to the LAN’s router
  6. Packets pass through LAN’s modem to the WAN
  7. WAN routers decide which route is best.
  8. Packet arrives at their destination at different times.
  9. Device checks each packet and confirms that all are correct
  10. The packets are re-assembled into the original file.
  11. Device confirms to the sender that the file has been sent.
57
Q

What is DNS

A

Domain Name Server - sells domain names and it is hosted on the server with an permanent IP address.

58
Q

URL purpose

A

When the user types in the URL, the traffic is directed to the assigned IP Address.

59
Q

What is a VLAN

A

Virtual Local Area Network - clients connect to a WAP which is connected to client server.

60
Q

What is a VPN

A

Virtual Private Network

GCSE Computer Science (14 decks)

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