CH13 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a PAN

A

Personal Area Network - A network between 1-2 devices up to 10 metres apart. E.g Bluetooth

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2
Q

What is a LAN

A

Local Area Network - found in homes, school, offices.
-Use Ethernet, fibre optic cables and wifi(micro/radio)

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3
Q

What are the 2 configurations of LAN

A

-Client server network
-Peer to peer network

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4
Q

Define client server network

A

Client devices connect to the network and interact with the central server,which is responsible for security and storing files , to gain access to the network.

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5
Q

Advantage and disadvantages of client server:

A

-ADV: Easy for clients to join using their account details.
-DISADV- Relies heavily on IT support

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6
Q

What is a peer to peer network

A

Devices connected directly. Files are stored on individual devices.

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7
Q

Peer to peer network advan + disadvan

A

-Advantage- devices individually configurable

-disadvantage - All users need to be competent with settings on devices.
- Files may be lost if a device is broken

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8
Q

What is a WAN

A

Wide Area Network - A network of LANS which spans the world.

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9
Q

What is a NIC

A

Network Interface Card - interfaces with the network an sends + receives data. Has a unique MAC address

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10
Q

What is a MAC address

A

Media Access Control address - a unique code
-48 bits long

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11
Q

What is a network switch

A

-A device with ethernet sockets.
-Reads data packet destinations and sends to them to the correct device

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12
Q

What is a wireless access point?

A

Provides Wi-Fi connections to the LAN.

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13
Q

What is a router?

A

-manages devices by allocating IP addresses.
-Connects LANS to WANS.
-Receives data from the WAN and redirects it to the LAN device.

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14
Q

What hardware links LAN to the WAN

A

telephone lines

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15
Q

What are fibre optics and advantages

A

-Fastest bandwidth and data can travel great distances.(usually in WANs)
-Uses light pulses to transit binary data

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16
Q

disadvantages of fibre optics

A

Very expensive

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17
Q

What are Ethernet cables

A

Wires used in LAN with high bandwidth.
-Uses electrical pulses of binary data.

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18
Q

How are microwaves used in LANs

A

Used to link buildings together in a LAN where cables are not possible.

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19
Q

Disadvantage of microwaves

A

dependent on distance and weather

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20
Q

Advantages of Wifi

A

Allows devices to be portable
Cheap

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21
Q

Disadvantages of wifi

A

poor bandwidth, dependent on obstacles, and distance

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22
Q

How to calculate bandwidth

A

MB x 8
———- Megabits per sec
seconds

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23
Q

function of modem

A

converts digital LAN signals to analogue signals for telephone wires(WAN)

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24
Q

function of IP address

A

Internet protocol address - used to identify devices connected to a LAN

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25
How many bits does IPv4 have
32 bits
26
How many bits do IPv6 have
128 bits
27
How to calculate number of unique addresses with n number of bits?
2^n
28
Why are we still using IPv4?
We are coping by swapping IP's around when devices are not in use.
29
What is bandwidth
rate of data transfer across a network
30
What topology does LAN use
STAR
31
What topology does WAN use
Mesh topology
32
Advantages of star topology
-Removing a device won't break the network -simpler to setup -If one link fails, network will continue to work -Data travels a direct path
33
Disadvantage of star topology
-Depends on the functioning of switches -Network will slow if traffic is heavy
34
Advantages of mesh topology
-If one route has high traffic, data can take another due to alternative nodes -If one node fails, alternate nodes exist. -Adding more nodes will not slow network
35
Disadvantages of Mesh topology
-Expensive to setup -requires continuous monitoring.
36
Why is data not sent in one block
-Takes a long time to transmit, clogging the network -If an error is made, the whole file would have to be sent again
37
Why is data sent in packets?
- can perform packet switching -if an error is picked up, only that packet has to be resent
38
What is Packet switching
Packets switch routes to avoid high traffic
39
What are TCP/IP protocols
The rules to send + receive data.
40
What is the structure of TCP/IP protocols
they are wrapped around the packets. Header data packet Footer
41
what allocates the most efficient route of a WAN
WAN's node's routers
42
What is in the header of the data packet
contains source and destination
43
what is in the footer
-end of packet signal -error checking code
44
What are the 4 layers of TCP/IP
Application layer Transport layer Internet layer Data link layer
45
Application layer function
information about the application
46
transport layer function
divides data into packets. checks for errors sends resend/acknowledgement signals
47
internet layer function
adds destination + source(IP)
48
data link layer function
information to link packet
49
examples of application layer protocols
FTP - File Transfer protocol - provides rules HTTP - Hyper Text Protocol HTTPS - Hyper Text Protocol Secure SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol IMAP - Internet Message Access Protocol POP - Post Office Protocol
50
FTP function
provides rules to follow when files are being transferred
51
HTTP function
rules to follow when transferring data from a web server
52
SMTP function
rules to follow when sending emails from client to email server
53
POP function
retrieves emails from email server and sends to client device
54
IMAP protocol
retrieves a copy of email from email server. Allows emails to be viewed from multiple devices.
55
Advantages of TCP/IP protocols layers
-Provides a universal standard for all devices -one layer can be updated without affecting others -simplifies model
56
Process of sending data across WAN
1. user sends 2. Application layer of TCP/IP determines what protocol to use 3. File is broken into packets by Transport layer 4. Internet layer adds source and destination IP addresses to the packet headers 5. Packets are sent from the PC through LAN to the LAN's router 6. Packets pass through LAN's modem to the WAN 7. WAN routers decide which route is best. 8. Packet arrives at their destination at different times. 9. Device checks each packet and confirms that all are correct 10. The packets are re-assembled into the original file. 11. Device confirms to the sender that the file has been sent.
57
What is DNS
Domain Name Server - sells domain names and it is hosted on the server with an permanent IP address.
58
URL purpose
When the user types in the URL, the traffic is directed to the assigned IP Address.
59
What is a VLAN
Virtual Local Area Network - clients connect to a WAP which is connected to client server.
60
What is a VPN
Virtual Private Network