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physics > ch12 - waves > Flashcards

ch12 - waves Flashcards

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1
Q

waves

A

a periodic disturbance travelling through space, characterised by a vibrating medium

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2
Q

progressive waves

A

a wave that carries energy from one place to another, all waves are progressive

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3
Q

displacement (waves)

A

the distance of a point on the wave from its undisturbed / equilibrium position, vector, distance travelled in a particular direction

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4
Q

wavelength

A

the distance between two adjacent points on a wave oscillating in step with each other, m

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5
Q

period, T

A

the period of an oscillating system or point in a wave is the time taken to make one complete oscillation, s

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6
Q

frequency

A

the number of oscillations per unit time of a point in a wave, Hz

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7
Q

f = 1 / T

A
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8
Q

mechanical waves

A

need a substance to travel through

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9
Q

longitudinal waves

A

a wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate along the direction in which the wave travel

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10
Q

transverse waves

A

a wave in which the particles of the medium oscillate at right angles to the direction in which the wave travels

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11
Q

difference between longitudinal and transverse

A

longitudinal - parallel (sound)
transverse - perpendicular (electromagnetic)

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12
Q

compressions

A

the point in a sound wave at which the air pressure is at maximum

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13
Q

rarefactions

A

a region in a sound wave where the air pressure is less than its mean value

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14
Q

phase difference

A

the difference in the phases of two oscillating particles measured in degrees or radians

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15
Q

particles oscillating in step have a phase difference of:

A

0, 2pi etc

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16
Q

particles oscillating in antiphase have a phase difference of:

A

pi, 3pi etc
180, 270 etc

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17
Q

phase difference formula

A

circle with line through =
x/wavelength * 360

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18
Q

intensity

A

the rate of energy transmitted per unit area at right angles to the wave velocity

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19
Q

intensity formulas

A

intensity = power / area
I prop. to A² (amplitude)

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20
Q

wave speed

A

speed with which a wave is transmitted, ms-1

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21
Q

v = f¥ (wavelength)

A
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22
Q

speed, frequency and wavelength of water waves

A
23
Q

speed, frequency and wavelength of water waves

A

speed = 0.12
frequency = 6
wavelength = 0.2

24
Q

speed, frequency and wavelength of sound waves in air

A

speed = 330
frequency = 20 to 20000
wavelength =16.5 to 0.0165

25
Q

doppler effect

A

the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave observed when the source of the wave is moving towards or away from the observer

26
Q

doppler effect formula

A

v = speed of waves
Vs = speed of source
¥o = observed wavelength
fo = observed frequency

fo = fs * v / (v±vs)

27
Q

electromagnetic spectrum

A

the family of waves that travel through a vaccum at a speed of 3 * 10^8 ms-1

28
Q

magnetic field

A

a force field in which a magnet, a wire carrying a current, or a moving charge experiences a force

29
Q

electromagnetic wave

A

a transverse wave travelling through space as vibrations of electric and magnetic fields

30
Q

radio waves discovered by

A

Heinrich Hertz

31
Q

x rays discovered by

A

Wilhelm Röntgen

32
Q

gamma rays discovered by

A

Henri Becquerel

33
Q

speed of light

A

c = 3 * 10^8 ms-1

34
Q

c = f¥

A
35
Q

wave speed (v) = c

A
36
Q

wavelength visible to human eyes

A

400nm to 700nm

37
Q

wavelength range of radio waves

A

> 10^6 to 10^-1

38
Q

wavelength range of microwaves

A

10^-1 to 10^-3

39
Q

wavelength range of infrared waves

A

10^-3 to 7*10^-7

40
Q

wavelength range of visible light

A

7 × 10^-7 to 4 × 10^-7

41
Q

wavelength range of ultraviolet

A

4 * 10^-7 to 10^-8

42
Q

wavelength range of x rays

A

10^- 8 to 10^- 13

43
Q

wavelength range of gamma rays

A

10^-10 to 10^-16

44
Q

electric field

A

a force field or region in which an electric charged particle or object experiences a force

45
Q

electric and magnetic field are

A

perpendicular

46
Q

plane polarised

A

decribes a transverse wave with oscillation in just one plane

47
Q

which waves can be polarised

A

TRANSVERSE

48
Q

what wave can make a unpolarised wave be plane polarised

A

a vertical slit

49
Q

what can be used to polarise sunlight

A

transparent polymer material, eg Polaroid

50
Q

why use a polariod to polarise light

A

. has long chains of molecules in one direction
. electric field vibrations along these chains are absorbed
. energy absorbed become thermal
. electric field vibrations at right angles to molecule chains are transmktted with negligible absorption

51
Q

two polariods in the same direction

A

plane polarised light transmitted

52
Q

two polaroids in different directions (90°)

A

no light transmitted

53
Q

Malu’s law

A

I = Io cos²x

physics (15 decks)

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