Ch12 spinal Flashcards
what are 6 basic MOI’s for spinal injuries
compression (axial)
distraction (tension)
flexion
rotation
hyperextension
penetration
what spinal nerve roots control function of the disphragm
C3,C4,C5
what is a body landmark for T7,T8
inferior angle of scapula
what is a body landmark for T2,T3
spine of scapula
what can happen in a spinal injury of C4 or above
quadriplegia or tetraplegia
what is a body landmark for L1,L2
iliac crest
what can happen in a spinal injury of T6 or below
paraplegia, paralysis below the chest
what can happen in a spinal injury of L1 or below
paraplegia, paralysis below the waist
what is the vertebral artery
major neck artery, branches off subclavian, supplies 20% of brain blood
can be stressed primarily by rotation, extension, and traction
when rotated, artery is stretched and narrowed
what are some S\S of head or spinal injuries
changes in LOR
pain or pressure
persistent headache
total or partial paralysis
deformity of skull
CSF or blood from nose\ears
nausea or vomiting
non PEARL eyes
loss of balance
what is rhinorrhea
CSF coming from nose
what is ororrhea
CSF coming from ear
what is Canadian c spine rule (CCR)
3 rules that allow us to rule out a spinal motion restriction
what is rule 1 of CCR
high risk factor present?
age 65 or over
numbness or tingling in extremities
dangerous MOI
what is rule 2 of CCR
safe to assess range of motion?
no c spine tenderness
deferred onset of neck pain
in a comfortable position
what is rule 3 of CCR
able to actively rotate head?
rotates head 45 degrees left and right
3 questions to ask for CCR
do you have numbness or tingling in your hands or feet
do you have neck pain
what your pain immediate or delayed
if all are good, palpate the c spine, and ask them to rotate head
when can you apply CCS
GCS = 15
stable vital signs
age 16 or over
no previous spinal surgery
when can you remove an athlete from field with a suspected spinal injury
complete sensation
normal strength
no spinal pain
no spinal palpation pain
can rotate head 45 degrees
what are contraindications of head re-alignment
head at a severe angle
patient complains of pain, pressure, or muscle spasm in neck when moving
you feel resistance
how do you size a hard cervical collar
top of traps to angle of mandible
how many responders required to put on a cervical collar
2
what are 4 steps prior to boarding a patient
get them supine
adjust head to in-line
apply collar
board
what is spinal shock
permanent or temporary loss of usage at\below the injured area
how many responders minimum to roll a patient with SMR
minimum 2, 3 preferred
in what order do you strap a patient to a board
torso
pelvis and proximal legs
distal legs
head last
what are the head grip techniques
head grip
trap squeeze
modified trap squeeze
sternal forehead grip
sternal spinal grip
what is an epidural hematoma
LOR trends to a rapid decline of responsiveness
non PEARL
dilated pupils
impaired motor function
