Ch12 spinal

Question 1

what are 6 basic MOI’s for spinal injuries

Answer 1

compression (axial)

distraction (tension)

flexion

rotation

hyperextension

penetration

Question 2

what spinal nerve roots control function of the disphragm

Answer 2

C3,C4,C5

Question 3

what is a body landmark for T7,T8

Answer 3

inferior angle of scapula

Question 4

what is a body landmark for T2,T3

Answer 4

spine of scapula

Question 5

what can happen in a spinal injury of C4 or above

Answer 5

quadriplegia or tetraplegia

Question 6

what is a body landmark for L1,L2

Answer 6

iliac crest

Question 7

what can happen in a spinal injury of T6 or below

Answer 7

paraplegia, paralysis below the chest

Question 8

what can happen in a spinal injury of L1 or below

Answer 8

paraplegia, paralysis below the waist

Question 9

what is the vertebral artery

Answer 9

major neck artery, branches off subclavian, supplies 20% of brain blood

can be stressed primarily by rotation, extension, and traction

when rotated, artery is stretched and narrowed

Question 10

what are some S\S of head or spinal injuries

Answer 10

changes in LOR

pain or pressure

persistent headache

total or partial paralysis

deformity of skull

CSF or blood from nose\ears

nausea or vomiting

non PEARL eyes

loss of balance

Question 11

what is rhinorrhea

Answer 11

CSF coming from nose

Question 12

what is ororrhea

Answer 12

CSF coming from ear

Question 13

what is Canadian c spine rule (CCR)

Answer 13

3 rules that allow us to rule out a spinal motion restriction

Question 14

what is rule 1 of CCR

Answer 14

high risk factor present?

age 65 or over

numbness or tingling in extremities

dangerous MOI

Question 15

what is rule 2 of CCR

Answer 15

safe to assess range of motion?

no c spine tenderness

deferred onset of neck pain

in a comfortable position

Question 16

what is rule 3 of CCR

Answer 16

able to actively rotate head?

rotates head 45 degrees left and right

Question 17

3 questions to ask for CCR

Answer 17

do you have numbness or tingling in your hands or feet

do you have neck pain

what your pain immediate or delayed

if all are good, palpate the c spine, and ask them to rotate head

Question 18

when can you apply CCS

Answer 18

GCS = 15

stable vital signs

age 16 or over

no previous spinal surgery

Question 19

when can you remove an athlete from field with a suspected spinal injury

Answer 19

complete sensation

normal strength

no spinal pain

no spinal palpation pain

can rotate head 45 degrees

Question 20

what are contraindications of head re-alignment

Answer 20

head at a severe angle

patient complains of pain, pressure, or muscle spasm in neck when moving

you feel resistance

Question 21

how do you size a hard cervical collar

Answer 21

top of traps to angle of mandible

Question 22

how many responders required to put on a cervical collar

Answer 22

2

Question 23

what are 4 steps prior to boarding a patient

Answer 23

get them supine

adjust head to in-line

apply collar

board

Question 24

what is spinal shock

Answer 24

permanent or temporary loss of usage at\below the injured area

Question 25

how many responders minimum to roll a patient with SMR

Answer 25

minimum 2, 3 preferred

Question 26

in what order do you strap a patient to a board

Answer 26

torso

pelvis and proximal legs

distal legs

head last

Question 27

what are the head grip techniques

Answer 27

head grip

trap squeeze

modified trap squeeze

sternal forehead grip

sternal spinal grip

Question 28

what is an epidural hematoma

Answer 28

LOR trends to a rapid decline of responsiveness

non PEARL

dilated pupils

impaired motor function