Ch.12 Motivation And Work

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.

Question 2

Instinct

Answer 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.

Question 3

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 3

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state(a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.

Question 5

Incentive

Answer 5

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.

Question 6

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 6

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs ( top to bottom)

1) Self-Actualization Needs
2) Esteem Needs
3) Belongingness and love needs
4) safety needs
5) Psychological need

Question 7

Self-Actualization Needs

Answer 7

Needs to live up to ones fullest and unique potential.

Question 8

Esteem Needs

Answer 8

Need for self-esteem, achievement, competence, and independence; need for recognition and respect from others.

Question 9

Belongingness and Love needs

Answer 9

Need to love and beloved, to belong and be accepted; need to avoid loneliness and alienation.

Question 10

Safety Needs

Answer 10

Need to feel that the world is organized and predictable; need to feel safe,secure, and stable.

Question 11

Physiological Needs

Answer 11

Need to satisfy hunger and thrist.

Question 12

Glucose

Answer 12

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When it’s level is low, we feel hunger.

Question 13

Set Point

Answer 13

The point at which an individuals “weight thermostat” is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.

Question 14

Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 14

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure.

Question 15

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 15

An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person(usually and adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly(15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Question 16

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 16

An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Question 17

Sexual Response Cycle

Answer 17

The four stages of sexual responding describing by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Question 18

Refractory Period

Answer 18

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Question 19

Sexual Disorder

Answer 19

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Question 20

Estrogen

Answer 20

A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhumans female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Question 21

Testosterone

Answer 21

The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 22

Sexual Orientation

Answer 22

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of ones own sex or the other sex.

Question 23

Flow

Answer 23

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of ones skills.

Question 24

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

Answer 24

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 25

Personnel Psychology

Answer 25

A sub field of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Question 26

Organizational Psychology

Answer 26

A sub field of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.