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Nutrition > Ch.12 Fat-Soluble Vitamins > Flashcards

Ch.12 Fat-Soluble Vitamins Flashcards

0
Q

Which vitamins are water soluble?

A

B complex and C

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1
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble

A

A,D,E,and K

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2
Q

Where are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?

A

The small intestine, along with dietary fat, and carried by chylomicrons into the lymph circulation

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3
Q

What aids in fat soluble vitamin absorption?

A

Bile produced in the liver and stored in gallbladder.

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4
Q

Which is the only vitamin made in body?

A

Vitamin k is made by bacteria in the ileum of the small intestine and in the large intestine. (Small amounts)

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5
Q

Forms of vitamin A

A

Retinoids, carotenoids

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6
Q

What is the active form of vitamin A?

A

Preformed vitamin A(retinoids)

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7
Q

What are the dietary sources of retinoids?

A

Liver, fish oils, fortified dairy products and eggs.

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8
Q

What are the “provitamins of vitamin A?

A

Carotenoids (can be converted to vitamin A)

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9
Q

What are the different names of carotenoids?

A

Alpha and beta-carotene and beta cryptoxanthin

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10
Q

Dietary sources of carotenoids?

A

Dark green and yellow orange vegetables and fruits

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11
Q

Which conversion is irreversible ?

A

Retinal -> retinoic acid. (Retinyl esters -> retinol ->retinal Reversible)

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12
Q

RDA for men and women Vitamin A

A

Men 900 micrograms RAE
Women 700 micrograms RAE

Intake meets DRI

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13
Q

Transport after liver (vit. A)

A

Retinoids are bound to retinol binding protein

Carotenoids are carried by VLDL
90% stored in liver for months

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14
Q

Function of Retinoids

A
  • Growth and development (retinoic acid imp. To epithelial cells)
  • cell differentiation(stem cells into specialized cells)
  • vision (retinal-pool depleted = night blindness. Rhodopsin)
  • immune function (maintenance of epithelium)
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15
Q

Carotenoids functions

A

Decrease risk of some diseases, antioxidant functions
-cancers
-CV disease
-eye disease (macular degeneration and cataracts
Do not supplement

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16
Q

Deficiencies in vitamin A

A
  • night blindness
  • Xerophthalmia (irreversible blindness)
  • follicular hyperkeratosis
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17
Q

Toxicities of vitamin A

A

Hypervitaminosis A
UL: 3000 micrograms/ d retinol
Acute,chronic and teratogenic toxicity

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18
Q

Where can you find vitamin D2

A

Fatty fish, cod liver oil, fortified dairy products and fortified breakfast cereals .

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19
Q

Where do you find vitamin D3 (active and inactive)

A

Sunlight changes 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholecalciferol
Travels to liver 25-OH vitamin D3 (inactive form) and then into kidneys, where converted to bioactive form.
*requirement: sunlight 2-3 x /week 10-15 min

20
Q

RDA and DV for vitamin D

A

Under age 70: 600 IU
Over 70: 800 IU
Breastfed infants: 400 IU/d

DV: 10 micrograms (400 IU)

21
Q

How is vitamin D absorbed?

A

-Via micelles and transported via chylomicrons in lymph system.
-bound to protein in the blood when enters body through food or skin
-

22
Q

Where is vitamin D stored?

A

Adipose tissue.

23
Q

Functions of vitamin D

A
  • Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis (aids in increasing absorption of Ca and P. Aids in release of Ca and P from bone; if blood levels are low
  • Bone health
  • immune function
  • chronic diseases
24
Q

What is the active form of vitamin D?

A

Calcitrol

25
Q

Deficiencies of vitamin D

A

Children: rickets
Adults: osteomalacia

26
Q

Toxicities of Vitamin D

A

Occur with supplementation cause hypercalcemia

UL: 4000 UI (Valium deposits in soft tissue)

27
Q

How many compounds are there in vitamin E and what were they

A

4 tocopherols: alpha most active; gamma for potentially beneficial
4 tocotrienols

28
Q

Dietary sources of vitamin E

A

Plant oils (canola), wheat germ, avocado, almonds, peanuts and sunflower seeds

29
Q

RDA and DV of vitamin E

A

15 mg of alpha-tocopherol (based on hemolysis prevention)
Adults consume 2-3 RDA

DV: 30 IU (20 mg)

30
Q

Vitamin E absorption and transport

A
  • depends on fat intake
  • passively via micelles into chylomicrons
  • chylomicron remnants transport to liver
  • repackaged and transported via lipoprotein (no specific transport protein)
31
Q

Where is vitamin E stored?

A

Adipose tissue

32
Q

Vitamin E excretion

A

Bile, urine and skin

33
Q

Vitamin D excretion

A

Bile urine, and small amount in urine.

34
Q

Vitamin A excretion

A

Small amounts in urine

-carotenoids via bile

35
Q

Absorption of vitamin A

A

Packaged with chylomicrons and transported via the lymph system

36
Q

Which vitamin acts as an antioxidant?

A

Vitamin E. Stops lipid peroxidation caused by free radicals-peroxyl radical.
Works with vitamin C

37
Q

What are other antioxidant compounds from vitamin E?

A 
Glutathione peroxidase
-eliminates hydrogen and lipid peroxides .
-selenium
Superoxide dismutase
-eliminate super oxide radicals
-copper, Zinc and Mg
38
Q

Deficiency vitamin E

A

Hemolytic anemia-rare in humans
Pre-term infants and smokers are most susceptible
Immune function impairment and neurological changes

39
Q

Toxicity vitamin E

A

Interfere with vitamin K and cause hemorrhaging

UL 1000 mg alpha tocopherol from natural sources (1100 IU from synthetic )

40
Q

Forms of vitamin K

A

Menaquinones: synthesized by bacteria in colon (10%) (from fish oils and meats)
Phylloquinones: most biologically active (from plants: green leafy vegetables, broccoli, peas, and green beans

41
Q

AI women and men vitamin K. DV

A

Men: 120 micrograms daily
Women: 90 “”
DV: 80 micrograms

42
Q

Absorption and transportation of vitamin k

A
  • Absorbed in small intestine-passive diffusion, via chylomicrons in lymph
  • Transported via lipoproteins, VLDL for storage or HDL and LDL for transport to cells
43
Q

Where is vitamin K stored?

A

Liver

44
Q

Excretion of Vitamin K

A

Primarily bile; sm amount urine

45
Q

Function of vitamin K

A

Synthesis of blood clotting factors, preprothrombin to protrhombin
-bone metabolism

46
Q

Deficiency vitamin K

A

Rare.

Newborns; long term antibiotic use; fat malabsorption

47
Q

Toxicity vitamin K

A

No UL

Nutrition (2 decks)

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