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Nutrition > Ch 5 Carbs > Flashcards

Ch 5 Carbs Flashcards

0
Q

What produces carbs?

A

Plants via photosynthesis

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1
Q

What are carbs composed of?

A

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

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2
Q

What are simple carbohydrates?

A

Mono and disaccharides

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3
Q

What are complex (polysaccharides) carbs?

A

Starch, glycogen, and fiber

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4
Q

What are some examples of monosaccharides?

A

Glucose, fructose, galactose, sugar alcohol, and pentose

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5
Q

Give and example of glucose

A

Blood sugar

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6
Q

Give an example of fructose

A

High fructose corn syrup

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7
Q

Give an example of galactose

A

Part of lactose

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8
Q

Name three examples of sugar alcohols

A

Xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol.

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9
Q

Name 2 pentoses

A

Ribose and deoxyribose

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10
Q

What is a disaccharide?

A

Two monosaccharides linked by a condensation reaction. (Alpha or beta C-O-C bonds connect them.)

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11
Q

What two monosaccharides make up maltose and what type of bond is it?

A

Glucose and glucose; alpha bond

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12
Q

What two monosaccharides make up sucrose and what type of bond is it?

A

Glucose and fructose; alpha bond.

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13
Q

What two monosaccharides make up lactose and what type of bond is it?

A

Galactose and glucose; beta bond

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14
Q

Name 3 disaccharides

A

Lactose, sucrose, and maltose.

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15
Q

What are complex carbs?

A

Ogliosaccharides, and polysaccharides

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16
Q

What is an ogliosaccharide?

A
  • Made up of raffinose, and stachyose.
  • it is indigestible;bacterial fermentation(gas)
  • contains 3-10 sugar units
17
Q

What is a polysaccharide?

A
  • contains many glucose molecules

- alpha or beta bond determine digestibility.

18
Q

Name 2 digestible polysaccharides

A

Starch(plants) and glycogen (animals)

19
Q

Name 2 types of starch

A

Amylose: straight chained
Amylopectin: branched

20
Q

What is the storage form of glucose in the human body?

A

Glycogen

21
Q

What is liver glycogen used for? How many grams?

A

It’s converted to blood sugar; 90g

22
Q

What is muscle glycogen used for? How many grams?

A

Glucose for muscle use; 300g

23
Q

Name 3 indigestible fibers

A

Total fiber, soluble fibers, and insoluble fibers.

24
Q

How do you calculate total fiber ?

A

Dietary + Functional fiber

25
Q

What are soluble fibers made up of?

A

Pectin, gum, mucilages, and some hemicelluloses

26
Q

What make up insoluble fibers?

A

Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin

27
Q

What are some nutritive sweeteners?

A
  • Mono and disaccharides
  • high fructose corn syrup
  • sugar alcohols
28
Q

What is the RDA for carbs?

A

130 g

29
Q

What is the purpose of carbs?

A

Fuels most of the body’s cells

- preferred source for brain, nerve cells, and developing red blood cells.

30
Q

What is the adequate intake of fiber?

A

14g/1000kcal

25g for women <50; 30g after 51

31
Q

Name 3 functions if digestible carbs

A
  • Provide energy: 4kcal/g
  • Spare protein: body does not utilize glyconeogenesis.
  • prevent ketosis: incomplete breakdown of fatty acids
32
Q

Name 4 functions of incomplete carbs

A

-promote bowl health: constipation and hemorrhoids. Diverticulosis/itis
-reduce obesity
Enhancing blood glucose control: soluble fibers
-reducing cholesterol absorption: soluble fibers

33
Q

How do we digest carbs by the mouth?

A

Salivary amylase begins digestion.

34
Q

How are carbs digested in the small intestine?

A 
Enzymes break down disaccharides:
-maltase; maltose 
-sucrase; sucrose
-lactase; lactose
Fibers not broken down
35
Q

What monosaccharides are found in active absorption?

A

Glucose and galactose

36
Q

What monosaccharide is associated with facilitated absorption?

A

Fructose

37
Q

What organ converts fructose and galactose into glucose?

A

Liver

38
Q

What form of glucose is used by cells?

A

Blood glucose

39
Q

Where is excess glucose stored? And what organ converts?

A

In adipose tissue; converted to fat by liver

40
Q

What role does the pancreas play in digestion of carbs?

A

Pancreatic amylase and dextrinase are secreted are secreted into small intestine to break polysaccharides from starch to disaccharides.

Nutrition (2 decks)

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