CH12 (Body Defenses Pt. 2)

Question 1

Which cells are considered crucial in the adaptive immune system?

a) Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
b) Lymphocytes
c) A & B
d) None of the choices mentioned

Answer 1

c) A & B

Question 2

What distinguishes B lymphocytes (B cells) from T lymphocytes (T cells) in terms of their functions?

a) B cells produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity, while T cells recognize and eliminate specific virus-infected or tumor cells.

b) T cells produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity, while B cells recognize and eliminate specific virus-infected or tumor cells.

c) Both B cells and T cells produce antibodies.

d) B cells and T cells do not produce antibodies.

Answer 2

a) B cells produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity, while T cells recognize and eliminate specific virus-infected or tumor cells.

Question 3

What is the primary function of B lymphocytes (B cells) in the immune system?

a) Recognizing and eliminating specific virus-infected or tumor cells

b) Producing antibodies and overseeing humoral immunity

c) Recognizing and eliminating specific extracellular antigens

d) Activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs)

Answer 3

b) Producing antibodies and overseeing humoral immunity

Question 4

What role do antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play in the immune response?

a) Producing antibodies
b) Recognizing and eliminating specific virus-infected or tumor cells
c) Targeting specific extracellular antigens
d) Activating the lymphocytes that respond to specific antigens

Answer 4

d) Activating the lymphocytes that respond to specific antigens

Question 5

From where do lymphocytes originate?

a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Red bone marrow
d) Lymph nodes

Answer 5

c) Red bone marrow

Question 6

What term describes immature lymphocytes released from the bone marrow?

a) Naive
b) Active
c) Mature
d) Primed

Answer 6

a) Naive

Question 7

What determines whether a lymphocyte matures into a B cell or a T cell?

a) Its size
b) Its shape
c) Its location in the body
d) Its color

Answer 7

c) Its location in the body

Question 8

What does it mean for a lymphocyte to be immunocompetent?

a) It is capable of responding to any antigen.
b) It has a high level of antibodies.
c) It is capable of responding to a specific antigen.
d) It is resistant to all antigens.

Answer 8

c) It is capable of responding to a specific antigen.

Question 9

What appears on the surface of a lymphocyte when it becomes immunocompetent?

a) Antigen-specific receptors
b) Antibodies
c) Cytokines
d) Complement proteins

Answer 9

a) Antigen-specific receptors

Question 10

Where do lymphocytes migrate to in order to become T cells?

a) Spleen
b) Lymph nodes
c) Bone marrow
d) Thymus

Answer 10

d) Thymus

Question 11

What is the duration of the maturation process for T cells within the thymus?

a) 1 to 2 days
b) 2 to 3 days
c) 3 to 4 days
d) 4 to 5 days

Answer 11

b) 2 to 3 days

Question 12

What hormones are involved in directing the maturation process of T cells within the thymus?

a) Insulin and glucagon
b) Thymosin and others
c) Estrogen and testosterone
d) Cortisol and adrenaline

Answer 12

b) Thymosin and others

Question 13

What happens to immature lymphocytes within the thymus during the maturation process? (Note: Maturing process pa lang, wag excited)

a) They decrease in number.
b) They become dormant.
c) They divide rapidly and increase in number.
d) They remain unchanged.

Answer 13

c) They divide rapidly and increase in number.

Question 14

What determines which maturing T cells survive within the thymus?

a) Those with the lowest ability to identify foreign antigens

b) Those with the highest ability to identify foreign antigens

c) Those with the lowest ability to identify self-antigens

d) Those with the highest ability to identify self-antigens

Answer 14

b) Those with the highest ability to identify foreign antigens

Question 15

Why is the vigorous weeding out and destruction of lymphocytes capable of binding strongly with self-antigens important?

a) It prevents the immune system from attacking foreign antigens.

b) It promotes the immune response against foreign pathogens.

c) It ensures self-tolerance for the body’s own cells.

d) It increases the production of antibodies.

Answer 15

c) It ensures self-tolerance for the body’s own cells.

Question 16

What is an essential part of a lymphocyte’s “education” regarding self-tolerance?

a) Binding strongly with self-antigens

b) Lymphocytes do not study

c) Developing immunocompetence in the thymus

d) Rapidly increasing in number

Answer 16

a) Binding strongly with self-antigens

Question 17

Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?

a) Thymus
b) Spleen
c) Bone marrow
d) Lymph nodes

Answer 17

c) Bone marrow

Question 18

What is less known about the factors that regulate B cell maturation?

a) The role of self-tolerance
b) The location of maturation
c) The presence of specific hormones
d) The development of immunocompetence

Answer 18

d) The development of immunocompetence

Question 19

Why is the development of self-tolerance important for both T cells and B cells?

a) To prevent the immune system from attacking foreign pathogens
b) To ensure a strong immune response against foreign antigens
c) To prevent autoimmune diseases
d) To increase the production of antibodies

Answer 19

c) To prevent autoimmune diseases

Question 20

What determines the specificity of a lymphocyte’s response to antigens?

a) The number of antigens it encounters
b) The location of the lymphocyte in the body
c) The type of antigen receptor on its external surface
d) The diversity of antigens in the environment

Answer 20

c) The type of antigen receptor on its external surface

Question 21

How many distinct antigens can a single immunocompetent lymphocyte react to?

a) One
b) Many
c) None
d) All antigens it encounters

Answer 21

a) One

Question 22

What determines what foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist?

a) Environmental factors
b) Antigens encountered during maturation
c) Our genes
d) Immunization history

Answer 22

c) Our genes

Question 23

When do lymphocytes become immunocompetent in relation to meeting antigens?

a) After encountering antigens they may later attack

b) Before encountering antigens they may later attack

c) Simultaneously with encountering antigens they may later attack

d) At a random time during life

Answer 23

b) Before encountering antigens they may later attack

Question 24

What role do genes play in determining our immune response?

a) They code for antigens.
b) They code for lymphocytes.
c) They determine what foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.
d) They produce antigens.

Answer 24

c) They determine what foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.

Question 25

Why are only some members of our army of immunocompetent cells mobilized during our lifetime?

a) Due to genetic mutations
b) Due to exposure to specific antigens
c) Due to environmental factors
d) Due to random chance

Answer 25

b) Due to exposure to specific antigens

Question 26

Where do both T cells and B cells migrate to after becoming immunocompetent?

a) Spleen
b) Loose Connective tissues
c) Lymph nodes
d) All of the above

Answer 26

d) All of the above

Question 27

What occurs when lymphocytes bind with recognized antigens?

a) They become immunocompetent.
b) They migrate to the bone marrow.
c) They complete their differentiation into fully mature T cells and B cells.
d) They become dormant.

Answer 27

c) They complete their differentiation into fully mature T cells and B cells.

Question 28

What is the significance of mature lymphocytes, especially T cells, circulating continuously through the body?

a) It decreases their chances of encountering antigens.
b) It increases their chances of encountering antigens.
c) It decreases their lifespan.
d) It increases their lifespan.

Answer 28

b) It increases their chances of encountering antigens.

Question 29

What is the primary role of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in immunity?

a) Producing antibodies
b) Engulfing antigens and presenting fragments of them to T cells
c) Activating B cells
d) Killing infected cells

Answer 29

b) Engulfing antigens and presenting fragments of them to T cells

Question 30

Which types of cells are major types of APCs?

a) Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

b) Dendritic cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes

c) B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells

d) Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes

Answer 30

d) Dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes