CH12 (Body Defenses Pt. 2) Flashcards
Which cells are considered crucial in the adaptive immune system?
a) Antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
b) Lymphocytes
c) A & B
d) None of the choices mentioned
c) A & B
What distinguishes B lymphocytes (B cells) from T lymphocytes (T cells) in terms of their functions?
a) B cells produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity, while T cells recognize and eliminate specific virus-infected or tumor cells.
b) T cells produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity, while B cells recognize and eliminate specific virus-infected or tumor cells.
c) Both B cells and T cells produce antibodies.
d) B cells and T cells do not produce antibodies.
a) B cells produce antibodies and oversee humoral immunity, while T cells recognize and eliminate specific virus-infected or tumor cells.
What is the primary function of B lymphocytes (B cells) in the immune system?
a) Recognizing and eliminating specific virus-infected or tumor cells
b) Producing antibodies and overseeing humoral immunity
c) Recognizing and eliminating specific extracellular antigens
d) Activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs)
b) Producing antibodies and overseeing humoral immunity
What role do antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play in the immune response?
a) Producing antibodies
b) Recognizing and eliminating specific virus-infected or tumor cells
c) Targeting specific extracellular antigens
d) Activating the lymphocytes that respond to specific antigens
d) Activating the lymphocytes that respond to specific antigens
From where do lymphocytes originate?
a) Spleen
b) Thymus
c) Red bone marrow
d) Lymph nodes
c) Red bone marrow
What term describes immature lymphocytes released from the bone marrow?
a) Naive
b) Active
c) Mature
d) Primed
a) Naive
What determines whether a lymphocyte matures into a B cell or a T cell?
a) Its size
b) Its shape
c) Its location in the body
d) Its color
c) Its location in the body
What does it mean for a lymphocyte to be immunocompetent?
a) It is capable of responding to any antigen.
b) It has a high level of antibodies.
c) It is capable of responding to a specific antigen.
d) It is resistant to all antigens.
c) It is capable of responding to a specific antigen.
What appears on the surface of a lymphocyte when it becomes immunocompetent?
a) Antigen-specific receptors
b) Antibodies
c) Cytokines
d) Complement proteins
a) Antigen-specific receptors
Where do lymphocytes migrate to in order to become T cells?
a) Spleen
b) Lymph nodes
c) Bone marrow
d) Thymus
d) Thymus
What is the duration of the maturation process for T cells within the thymus?
a) 1 to 2 days
b) 2 to 3 days
c) 3 to 4 days
d) 4 to 5 days
b) 2 to 3 days
What hormones are involved in directing the maturation process of T cells within the thymus?
a) Insulin and glucagon
b) Thymosin and others
c) Estrogen and testosterone
d) Cortisol and adrenaline
b) Thymosin and others
What happens to immature lymphocytes within the thymus during the maturation process? (Note: Maturing process pa lang, wag excited)
a) They decrease in number.
b) They become dormant.
c) They divide rapidly and increase in number.
d) They remain unchanged.
c) They divide rapidly and increase in number.
What determines which maturing T cells survive within the thymus?
a) Those with the lowest ability to identify foreign antigens
b) Those with the highest ability to identify foreign antigens
c) Those with the lowest ability to identify self-antigens
d) Those with the highest ability to identify self-antigens
b) Those with the highest ability to identify foreign antigens
Why is the vigorous weeding out and destruction of lymphocytes capable of binding strongly with self-antigens important?
a) It prevents the immune system from attacking foreign antigens.
b) It promotes the immune response against foreign pathogens.
c) It ensures self-tolerance for the body’s own cells.
d) It increases the production of antibodies.
c) It ensures self-tolerance for the body’s own cells.
What is an essential part of a lymphocyte’s “education” regarding self-tolerance?
a) Binding strongly with self-antigens
b) Lymphocytes do not study
c) Developing immunocompetence in the thymus
d) Rapidly increasing in number
a) Binding strongly with self-antigens
Where do B cells develop immunocompetence?
a) Thymus
b) Spleen
c) Bone marrow
d) Lymph nodes
c) Bone marrow
What is less known about the factors that regulate B cell maturation?
a) The role of self-tolerance
b) The location of maturation
c) The presence of specific hormones
d) The development of immunocompetence
d) The development of immunocompetence
Why is the development of self-tolerance important for both T cells and B cells?
a) To prevent the immune system from attacking foreign pathogens
b) To ensure a strong immune response against foreign antigens
c) To prevent autoimmune diseases
d) To increase the production of antibodies
c) To prevent autoimmune diseases
What determines the specificity of a lymphocyte’s response to antigens?
a) The number of antigens it encounters
b) The location of the lymphocyte in the body
c) The type of antigen receptor on its external surface
d) The diversity of antigens in the environment
c) The type of antigen receptor on its external surface
How many distinct antigens can a single immunocompetent lymphocyte react to?
a) One
b) Many
c) None
d) All antigens it encounters
a) One
What determines what foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist?
a) Environmental factors
b) Antigens encountered during maturation
c) Our genes
d) Immunization history
c) Our genes
When do lymphocytes become immunocompetent in relation to meeting antigens?
a) After encountering antigens they may later attack
b) Before encountering antigens they may later attack
c) Simultaneously with encountering antigens they may later attack
d) At a random time during life
b) Before encountering antigens they may later attack
What role do genes play in determining our immune response?
a) They code for antigens.
b) They code for lymphocytes.
c) They determine what foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.
d) They produce antigens.
c) They determine what foreign substances our immune system will be able to recognize and resist.
