Ch.12 Flashcards
What are the 3 sets of customs and procedures every society must develop?
- Making and enforcing decisions
- Resolving disputes
- regulating the behavior of its members
- to maintain social order
What is the oldest societal form?
Bands
What is the size of a band?
small groups of 30-50 people
What is a bands subsistence?
Nomadic food collectors
Bands view on property?
little to no individual property ownership
-value in sharing
Egalitarian
Independent unit
What is a bands political structure?
decisions are embedded in the wider social structure
informal leaders
-one can persuade or give advise, but has no power
What is our cultural example of a band?
Chippewa/Ojibwa
What is a Tribes subsistence strategy?
Horticuluralists and Patoralists
What is a tribes political organization?
egalitarian
local leaders but no centralized leadership
How do Tribes differ from bands?
Tribes have pan-tribal mechanism
What is meant by pan-tribal mechanism?
- The ability to integrate local segments into a larger whole
- occurs when there is an external threat
- not permanent
What changes about tribes based on there subsistence?
Produce more food
larger more dense populations
more sedentary
What is our cultural example of a tribe?
Yanomami
What is the population size of Chiefdoms?
large and dense 1,000-2,000 people per village
villages are connected to one another with total populations 10,000-100,000
What is a Chiefdoms subsistence strategy?
Intensive horticulture and agriculture
Fisheries
Developed tool technology
Irrigation
What changes about a Chiefdom because of subsistence?
Increase food supply with excess
sedentary
Increased job specialization
What is a Chiefdoms political organization?
power lies with one individual
-alone or with an advisory council
local communities that are not equal
-based on relatedness to a chief