Ch.11

Question 1

Pennsylvania model for prisons

Answer 1

A separate and silent system in which prisoners were completely ISOLATED from one another, eating working and sleeping in separate cells

Question 2

Auburn model for prisons

Answer 2

A system that allowed prisoners to work and eat together during the day and housed in individual cells at night

Question 3

Moral architecture

Answer 3

The term used to describe the design of the first penitentiary in Canada, the intent of which was to reflect themes of order and morality

Question 4

Brown commission

Answer 4

An investigation into the operation of the Kingston penitentiary that condemned the use of corporal punishment against inmates and emphasised the need for rehabilitation

Question 5

Federal system or corrections

Answer 5

Operated by: correctional service Canada

Responsible for: offenders 2 or more years

Question 6

Provincial and territorial corrections

Answer 6

Less than one year sentence

Question 7

Minimum security institutions

Answer 7

Federal correctional facilities that generally have NO perimeter FENCING and allow unrest or inmate movement except at night

Question 8

Medium security institutions

Answer 8

Federal correctional facilities that have a less highly controlled institutional environment than maximum security institutions and in which the inmates have MORE freedom of movement

Question 9

Maximum security institutions

Answer 9

Federal correctional institutions with a HIGHLY CONTROLLED institutional environment

Question 10

Static security

Answer 10

Fixed security apparatus in correctional institutions including fixed security posts wherein correctional officers are assignment to and remain in specific areas
E.g. control room or perimeter patrol

Question 11

Dynamic security

Answer 11

Variety of ongoing meaningful interactions between STAFF and INMATES

Question 12

Two types of security in correctional facility

Answer 12

1) static security

2) dynamic security

Question 13

Rule of law

Answer 13

The requirement that governments as well as individuals be subjected to and abide the law

Question 14

Duty to act fairly

Answer 14

The obligation of correctional authorities to ensure that OFFENDERS are treated FAIRLY by corrections personnel

Question 15

Total institutions

Answer 15

Correctional institutions
All movements of the inmate are controlled 24 hours a day by staff
E.g. psych hospital

Question 16

Continuum of correctional institutions

Answer 16

Differences in the institutional ENVIRONMENT among correctional institutions located at either end of the security spectrum- max to min-

Question 17

Tinderbox

Answer 17

Penitentiary in St.Johns Newfoundland
Overcrowding
Lack of programs
Understaffed conditions

Question 18

What are some factors of overcrowding in correctional institutions

Answer 18

• Changes in legislation
• Mandatory minimum sentences
• Inmates remaining in custody longer due to parole board decisions
• poor planning
• absence of new facilities

Question 19

Segregation

Answer 19

Used for disciplining
Inmate being locked in cell for 23 hours a day
AKA solitary confinement

Question 20

Arbour report

Answer 20

Inquiry into events at Kingston Prison for women 1994, which documented —violations of policy

• Institutional regulations
• Significant impact on the development of women’s corrections

Question 21

Who has the most contact with inmates

Answer 21

CO’s

Correctional officers

Question 22

Status degradation ceremonies

Answer 22

Processing of offenders

Psychologically and materially stripped of possessions that identify him or her as a member of the free society

Question 23

Pains of imprisonment

Answer 23

The deprivations experiences by inmates confined in a correctional institution 
Loss of 
-autonomy 
-privacy 
-security 
-freedom of movement 
-association

Question 24

Self injuries behaviour

Answer 24

Deliberate self inflicted bodily harm of disfigurement

Question 25

Inmate subculture

Answer 25

Patterns of interaction and the relationships that exist among inmates confined

Question 26

Prisonization

Answer 26

The process in which inmates become socialised into the 
-Norms 
-values
-culture 
Of prison

Question 27

Institutionalised

Answer 27

Inmates who become prisonized to such a degree that they are unable to function in the outside free community

Question 28

State raised offenders

Answer 28

Spent majority of their adult lives confined in correctional institutions and don’t have the skills or ability to function in the outside free community

Question 29

Inmate code

Answer 29

Set of behavioural rules that govern interactions among inmates and with institutional staff

Question 30

Social or argot roles

Answer 30

Inmates assume based on their friendship networks
Sentence length
And other factors related to their criminal history

Question 31

Classification

Answer 31

Inmates are categorised through the use of various assessment instruments to determine the appropriate security level of the inmate and program placement

Question 32

Static risk factors

Answer 32

Attributes of the offender that predict the likelihood of recidivism but are not amendable to change
E.g.
History
Prior offences

Question 33

Dynamic risk factors

Answer 33

Attributes of the offender that CAN be altered through intervention
E.g.
-education
-employment skills

Question 34

Case management

Answer 34

Needs and abilities of offenders are matches with correctional programs and services

Question 35

Correctional plan

Answer 35

Key component of the case management that determines the offenders
initial institutional placement
specific training for work opportunities
and prep for release

Question 36

Inside out

Answer 36

Students from the outside take courses with inmates inside institutions

Question 37

Walls to bridges

Answer 37

Program centred on collage and university courses that are taught in jails prisons and community corrections facilities

Question 38

Throughcare

Answer 38

Notion that there should be continuity between institutional treatment and programs and community based services for offenders