Ch.11 Flashcards

1
Q

Pennsylvania model for prisons

A

A separate and silent system in which prisoners were completely ISOLATED from one another, eating working and sleeping in separate cells

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2
Q

Auburn model for prisons

A

A system that allowed prisoners to work and eat together during the day and housed in individual cells at night

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3
Q

Moral architecture

A

The term used to describe the design of the first penitentiary in Canada, the intent of which was to reflect themes of order and morality

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4
Q

Brown commission

A

An investigation into the operation of the Kingston penitentiary that condemned the use of corporal punishment against inmates and emphasised the need for rehabilitation

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5
Q

Federal system or corrections

A

Operated by: correctional service Canada

Responsible for: offenders 2 or more years

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6
Q

Provincial and territorial corrections

A

Less than one year sentence

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7
Q

Minimum security institutions

A

Federal correctional facilities that generally have NO perimeter FENCING and allow unrest or inmate movement except at night

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8
Q

Medium security institutions

A

Federal correctional facilities that have a less highly controlled institutional environment than maximum security institutions and in which the inmates have MORE freedom of movement

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9
Q

Maximum security institutions

A

Federal correctional institutions with a HIGHLY CONTROLLED institutional environment

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10
Q

Static security

A

Fixed security apparatus in correctional institutions including fixed security posts wherein correctional officers are assignment to and remain in specific areas
E.g. control room or perimeter patrol

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11
Q

Dynamic security

A

Variety of ongoing meaningful interactions between STAFF and INMATES

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12
Q

Two types of security in correctional facility

A

1) static security

2) dynamic security

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13
Q

Rule of law

A

The requirement that governments as well as individuals be subjected to and abide the law

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14
Q

Duty to act fairly

A

The obligation of correctional authorities to ensure that OFFENDERS are treated FAIRLY by corrections personnel

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15
Q

Total institutions

A

Correctional institutions
All movements of the inmate are controlled 24 hours a day by staff
E.g. psych hospital

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16
Q

Continuum of correctional institutions

A

Differences in the institutional ENVIRONMENT among correctional institutions located at either end of the security spectrum- max to min-

17
Q

Tinderbox

A

Penitentiary in St.Johns Newfoundland
Overcrowding
Lack of programs
Understaffed conditions

18
Q

What are some factors of overcrowding in correctional institutions

A
  • Changes in legislation
  • Mandatory minimum sentences
  • Inmates remaining in custody longer due to parole board decisions
  • poor planning
  • absence of new facilities
19
Q

Segregation

A

Used for disciplining
Inmate being locked in cell for 23 hours a day
AKA solitary confinement

20
Q

Arbour report

A

Inquiry into events at Kingston Prison for women 1994, which documented —violations of policy

  • Institutional regulations
  • Significant impact on the development of women’s corrections
21
Q

Who has the most contact with inmates

A

CO’s

Correctional officers

22
Q

Status degradation ceremonies

A

Processing of offenders

Psychologically and materially stripped of possessions that identify him or her as a member of the free society

23
Q

Pains of imprisonment

A
The deprivations experiences by inmates confined in a correctional institution 
Loss of 
-autonomy 
-privacy 
-security 
-freedom of movement 
-association
24
Q

Self injuries behaviour

A

Deliberate self inflicted bodily harm of disfigurement

25
Q

Inmate subculture

A

Patterns of interaction and the relationships that exist among inmates confined

26
Q

Prisonization

A
The process in which inmates become socialised into the 
-Norms 
-values
-culture 
Of prison
27
Q

Institutionalised

A

Inmates who become prisonized to such a degree that they are unable to function in the outside free community

28
Q

State raised offenders

A

Spent majority of their adult lives confined in correctional institutions and don’t have the skills or ability to function in the outside free community

29
Q

Inmate code

A

Set of behavioural rules that govern interactions among inmates and with institutional staff

30
Q

Social or argot roles

A

Inmates assume based on their friendship networks
Sentence length
And other factors related to their criminal history

31
Q

Classification

A

Inmates are categorised through the use of various assessment instruments to determine the appropriate security level of the inmate and program placement

32
Q

Static risk factors

A

Attributes of the offender that predict the likelihood of recidivism but are not amendable to change
E.g.
History
Prior offences

33
Q

Dynamic risk factors

A

Attributes of the offender that CAN be altered through intervention
E.g.
-education
-employment skills

34
Q

Case management

A

Needs and abilities of offenders are matches with correctional programs and services

35
Q

Correctional plan

A

Key component of the case management that determines the offenders
initial institutional placement
specific training for work opportunities
and prep for release

36
Q

Inside out

A

Students from the outside take courses with inmates inside institutions

37
Q

Walls to bridges

A

Program centred on collage and university courses that are taught in jails prisons and community corrections facilities

38
Q

Throughcare

A

Notion that there should be continuity between institutional treatment and programs and community based services for offenders