Ch.11 Flashcards
Pennsylvania model for prisons
A separate and silent system in which prisoners were completely ISOLATED from one another, eating working and sleeping in separate cells
Auburn model for prisons
A system that allowed prisoners to work and eat together during the day and housed in individual cells at night
Moral architecture
The term used to describe the design of the first penitentiary in Canada, the intent of which was to reflect themes of order and morality
Brown commission
An investigation into the operation of the Kingston penitentiary that condemned the use of corporal punishment against inmates and emphasised the need for rehabilitation
Federal system or corrections
Operated by: correctional service Canada
Responsible for: offenders 2 or more years
Provincial and territorial corrections
Less than one year sentence
Minimum security institutions
Federal correctional facilities that generally have NO perimeter FENCING and allow unrest or inmate movement except at night
Medium security institutions
Federal correctional facilities that have a less highly controlled institutional environment than maximum security institutions and in which the inmates have MORE freedom of movement
Maximum security institutions
Federal correctional institutions with a HIGHLY CONTROLLED institutional environment
Static security
Fixed security apparatus in correctional institutions including fixed security posts wherein correctional officers are assignment to and remain in specific areas
E.g. control room or perimeter patrol
Dynamic security
Variety of ongoing meaningful interactions between STAFF and INMATES
Two types of security in correctional facility
1) static security
2) dynamic security
Rule of law
The requirement that governments as well as individuals be subjected to and abide the law
Duty to act fairly
The obligation of correctional authorities to ensure that OFFENDERS are treated FAIRLY by corrections personnel
Total institutions
Correctional institutions
All movements of the inmate are controlled 24 hours a day by staff
E.g. psych hospital
Continuum of correctional institutions
Differences in the institutional ENVIRONMENT among correctional institutions located at either end of the security spectrum- max to min-
Tinderbox
Penitentiary in St.Johns Newfoundland
Overcrowding
Lack of programs
Understaffed conditions
What are some factors of overcrowding in correctional institutions
- Changes in legislation
- Mandatory minimum sentences
- Inmates remaining in custody longer due to parole board decisions
- poor planning
- absence of new facilities
Segregation
Used for disciplining
Inmate being locked in cell for 23 hours a day
AKA solitary confinement
Arbour report
Inquiry into events at Kingston Prison for women 1994, which documented —violations of policy
- Institutional regulations
- Significant impact on the development of women’s corrections
Who has the most contact with inmates
CO’s
Correctional officers
Status degradation ceremonies
Processing of offenders
Psychologically and materially stripped of possessions that identify him or her as a member of the free society
Pains of imprisonment
The deprivations experiences by inmates confined in a correctional institution Loss of -autonomy -privacy -security -freedom of movement -association
Self injuries behaviour
Deliberate self inflicted bodily harm of disfigurement
Inmate subculture
Patterns of interaction and the relationships that exist among inmates confined
Prisonization
The process in which inmates become socialised into the -Norms -values -culture Of prison
Institutionalised
Inmates who become prisonized to such a degree that they are unable to function in the outside free community
State raised offenders
Spent majority of their adult lives confined in correctional institutions and don’t have the skills or ability to function in the outside free community
Inmate code
Set of behavioural rules that govern interactions among inmates and with institutional staff
Social or argot roles
Inmates assume based on their friendship networks
Sentence length
And other factors related to their criminal history
Classification
Inmates are categorised through the use of various assessment instruments to determine the appropriate security level of the inmate and program placement
Static risk factors
Attributes of the offender that predict the likelihood of recidivism but are not amendable to change
E.g.
History
Prior offences
Dynamic risk factors
Attributes of the offender that CAN be altered through intervention
E.g.
-education
-employment skills
Case management
Needs and abilities of offenders are matches with correctional programs and services
Correctional plan
Key component of the case management that determines the offenders
initial institutional placement
specific training for work opportunities
and prep for release
Inside out
Students from the outside take courses with inmates inside institutions
Walls to bridges
Program centred on collage and university courses that are taught in jails prisons and community corrections facilities
Throughcare
Notion that there should be continuity between institutional treatment and programs and community based services for offenders
