Ch.11 Flashcards
Smooth strains
-Secrete capsules
-is fatal
Rough strains
-don’t secrete capsules
-not fatal
What enzyme separates the DNA double helix into single strands?
DNA helicase
What protects newly-exposed, unreplicated DNA?
single-strand binding protein
What are the short segments of RNA that are synthesized during DNA replication called?
RNA primers
What enzyme synthesizes the short segments of RNA?
primase
The short RNA segments provide a free _______ for replication.
3’ OH
In which direction is new DNA synthesized?
5’ to 3’
What enzyme removes tightened coils ahead of the replication fork?
topoisomerase
What enzyme catalyzes new DNA synthesis?
DNA polymerase
On which strand does DNA synthesis occur continuously?
leading strand
On which strand does DNA synthesis occur in small sections?
lagging strand
What are the fragments of discontinuous DNA synthesis called?
Okazaki fragments
What enzyme closes gaps in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA?
DNA ligase
How is a nucleotide organized
- Phosphate
- Sugar
- Nitrogen base
