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BioCh10-14 > Ch11 > Flashcards

Ch11 Flashcards

1
Q

The__ system, also known as the renal system or urinary tract, consists of the kidneys ,ureters, bladder , and the urethra.

A

urinary

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2
Q

What regulate blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate blood pH

A

Urinary system

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3
Q

Functions of urinary system

A

Excretion, regulation of acids bade balance, regulation of red blood cell production maintenance of water salt balance , regulation of blood pressure

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4
Q

:
Maintaining normal PH of the blood.

A

Regulation of acid-base balance

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5
Q

_:When the kidneys do not get enough oxygen, they produce the hormone____

A

Regulation of Red Blood Cell Production, erythropoietin

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6
Q

Erythropoietin stimulates the red blood cell production in the____.

A

bone marrow

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7
Q

:
Regulating volume and chemical composition of blood

A

Maintenance of water-salt balance

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8
Q

The kidneys depend on blood pressure to filter the blood. If blood pressure falls , cells in the kidneys called Juxtaglomerular cells release____

A

renin

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9
Q

What is the enzyme that activates angiotensinogen, that causes blood vessels to constrict, and it stimulates the release of aldosterone hormone from the adrenal cortex which stimulate reabsorption of sodium and water in the distal convoluted tubule thus raising blood pressure.

A

Renin

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10
Q

Main excretory system

A

Urinary system

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11
Q

What produce urine

A

Kidney

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12
Q

What conduct the urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder.

A

Ureters

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13
Q

where urine is collected and temporarily stored.

A

Urinary Bladder

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14
Q

urine is discharged from the urinary bladder to outside the body.

A

Urethra

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15
Q

Each kidney is held in place by connective tissue, called___, and is surrounded by a thick layer of adipose tissue, called ___t, which helps to protect it.

A

renal fascia, perirenal fat

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16
Q

: Outer membrane which encloses and protects kidneys against infections and trauma.

A

Renal Capsule

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17
Q

: Outer layer of the kidney.

A

The Renal Cortex

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18
Q

: Inner layer of the kidney that contain renal pyramids which project into a funnel space called renal pelvis.

A

The Renal Medulla

19
Q

: Is a cavity which lies in the center of the kidney and which extends into the ureter.

A

Renal pelvis

20
Q

The concave side of a kidney has a depression hilum where a__ ENTERS and a___ and a___ exit the kidney.

A

renal artery, renal vein, ureter

21
Q

__transport blood to be filtered to the kidneys

A

Renal artery

22
Q

__carries filtered blood away from the kidneys.

A

renal vein

23
Q

the kidney is composed of over 1 million___, which are the functional units of the kidneys. sometimes called renal or kidney tubules .

A

nephrons

24
Q

Nephron is composed of two main components:

A

Renal corpuscle, renal tubule

25
Q

The Renal Corpuscle : filter the blood and create filtrate and subdivided into two parts:

A

Glomerulus, bowman’s capsule

26
Q

: network of blood capillaries

A

Glomerulus

27
Q

: a sac that encloses glomerulus that transfers filtrate from the glomerulus to the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)

A

Bowman’s capsule

28
Q

The Renal Tubule: It has 4 regions:

A

• Proximal convoluted tubule: PCT
• Loop of Henle: consists of descending and ascending limbs
• Distal convoluted tubule: DCT
• Collecting tubule: distal tubules of several nephrons join to form a single collecting duct.

29
Q

Types of nephron

A
  1. Cortical nephron:(85%) located entirely the cortex.
    2.Juxtamedullary nephron: (15%) found at the margin of the cortex and medulla.
30
Q

The nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys and are the site of :

A

Filtration

31
Q

Most filtration occurs in the

A

Glomerulus

32
Q

Blood pressure forces water, salt, glucose,
amino acids, and urea into___

A

Bowman’s capsule.

33
Q

____and___ cells are too large to cross
the membrane; they remain in the blood.

A

Proteins, blood

34
Q

The fluid that enters the renal tubules is called
the__

A

filtrate

35
Q

Function of nephron

A

Filtration,reabsorption , tubular secretion

36
Q

As the filtrate flows through the renal tubule, most of the water and nutrients are__ into the blood.

A

reabsorbed

37
Q

Before the filtrate leaves the body as urine, the kidney makes final adjustments in composition by the process of___.

A

tubular secretion

38
Q

Which process, kidneys regulate the acid-base (pH) balance of body fluids by the active secretion of hydrogen ions.

A

Tubular secretion

39
Q

___ Tubes that transports urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder. Each ureter is a small tube, about 25 cm long.

A

Ureter

40
Q

wall of the ureter consists of three layers:

A
  1. The outer layer: The fibrous coat
  2. The middle layer: The muscular coat. The main function of this layer is peristalsis to push the urine.
  3. The inner layer: The mucosa is transitional epithelium.
41
Q

What is this . Hollow, expandable, muscular organ located in the pelvic girdle, Functions as a temporary reservoir for urine, Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

A

Urinary bladder

42
Q

The___ has three openings: two for the
ureters and one for the urethra, which drain the bladder

A

bladder

43
Q

fibro-muscular tube that conducts urine from bladder to outside of body.

A

Urethra

44
Q

Urethra has two urethral sphincters:

A

• Inner urethral sphincter: formed from smooth muscle
•External urethral sphincter: formed from skeletal muscle Provides voluntary control urination.

BioCh10-14 (3 decks)

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