Ch.11-15 Deaf Perspectives Flashcards
Who decides how most Deaf people live ?
The hearing population
What set the deaf minority apart from other language minorities ?
The deaf minority groups were submitted to hearing culture and agenda.
Where did the idea for vocational training in the US schools come from ?
Europe
what fraction of the general population are not able to work due to a disability ?
1/5th the US population
What are the 2 different goals of the hearing professionals to intervene w/ the lives of Deaf people?
- Mitigate
- Eradicate
what fraction of colleges provide interpreters in the US ?
1/20th of colleges
Who are the top 2 employers for hiring deaf people ?
- Postal
- Department of defense.
What is the goal of the vocational rehabilitation ?
To enable disabled people to be productive work members.
What is the name for the counselor assigned especially for to work w/ deaf clients ?
VR Counselors = Rehabilitation Counselors for the Deaf (RCD)
How many deaf students are enrolled in college ?
10,000 deaf students
Name the top 5 colleges w/ the largest DHH student populations.
- Gallaudet
- NTID
- CSUN
- St.Paul Tech
- Seattle Community College
What do 3/4ths of deaf professionals do for work ?
Serve other deaf people
When was RID established ?
1964
When was the first interpreter training program est. ?
1973
Name the national org. for speech and Lang. therapists and audiologists.
(ASHA)- The American Speech Language Hearing Association
What do most Deaf leaders feel about speech therapy in school?
- Speech therapy shouldn’t displace education
- when speech doesn’t work well for that child, it should be abandoned.
How successful have Deaf been w/ speech therapy ?
The vast majority don’t speak English intelligibly
What kind of hearing aids are a common model for deaf people ?
BTE - Behind the Ear
What 2 models are appealing to HH people ?
ITE- In The Ear
Canal Aid
How do we view medical science intervention ?
“Cruel and worse than useless experiments w/ deaf children.”
How did medical professionals try to cure us in the past ?
- Fracture the skull
- Puncture The Ear drum
- Pour Liquid into the Ear
- Sterilization
What kind of medical intervention is happening w/ increasing frequency ?
Cochlear Implant
Most children whom relieved cochlear implant remain _________ _________ _________ and in need of long term therapy.
Severely hearing impaired
What is the irony about the deprivation of Lang. for a hearing child and Deaf child ?
- For Hearing, deprivation of language is considered Abuse.
- For a Deaf child it wouldn’t be.
What is the strong 2 word condemnation for closing the deaf child’s access to communication and language ?
Communication Violence
What is the ultimate goal of those who perceive deaf people as disabled ?
To cure/ prevent deafness (Eradication).
What are Hearing people perplexed about deaf peoples desires in life ?
To have a deaf child.
Name 2 measures to reduce the numbers of deaf people.
- Eugenics
- Cochlear Implant
What was the hidden goal of the oral school for the deaf in the 19th C. ?
To facilitate their learning written Eng.
Why did AGB’s suggestion for full regulation of deaf reproduction not hold water ?
There was no greater likelihood that a deaf couple with both parents deaf or 1 parent Deaf will have Deaf children.
What happened to Deaf Germans during the third Reich under Hitler ?
Deaf Germans were sterilized / exterminated.
What did the FDA approve in 1988 ?
Marketing for the Nucleus-22 for adults.
What was the next FDA approval (1990) ?
Marketing for the Nucleus-22 for children 2+
What was the Canadian Association of the Deafs position on CI’s ?
“CI’s don’t restore hearing… There’s no proof that the device improves education achievement.”
What was the position in 1995 of the National Institutes of Health Conference on CI’s ?
- Adults who became deaf after learning spoken language demonstrate increased lip reading w/ an implant.
- Those who became deaf @ birth had no improvement.
What is the cost for the Nucleus-22 CI ?
$15,000
What has the scientific evidence said about the CI ?
The goal is to enable deaf children to communicate orally w/ research on this goal limited.
What happened to the children who wore a CI ?
75% no longer used their implant.
What is the WFD’s reaction to the CI ?
The WFD was moved to condemn experimentation on deaf children.
What bothers the deaf community about hearing therapists/professionals ?
Hearing professionals seem to be all for deaf rights, but in contrast don’t know enough to be fluent in sign.
Which do Hearing professionals prefer between HH/D ?
More value is put on HH than Deaf.
What is at the top of the hearing agenda for Deaf people ?
To REDUCE deafness through:
- Prosthesis
- Education
- Training
- Surgery
While expectant parents w/ DA hope for a normal baby, deaf parents hope for a ______ child.
Deaf child.
What do Deaf people want for themselves for assistance in life ?
Acceptance of their language w/ broader use in school, public and work place.
What 2 reasons are there why Deaf don’t like to be called “people w/ hearing impairment”?
- Deaf see their difference as natural human variation
- The term implies deafness is incidental other than defining.
What are the 4 demands for respect that the Deaf request from the hearing world ?
- Fundamental Human Rights
- Sign used in schools to teach English
- Access to Information
- Enhancing Deaf Culture & social life
ASL is not passed by their Deaf parents, but from Whom ?
Peers/ associates
What are the risks for Deaf women in the Developing countries ?
- Fewer Educational Op.
- Employment Discrimination
What is the most common place that Deaf children acquire ASL and pick up natural traits ?
Residential Schools
What is the WFD’s view on residential schools and public schools ?
- The Mainstream system doesn’t offer enough Deaf-to-Deaf contact.
- The Deaf child becomes marginalized and learning results are poor.
If we can’t place a deaf child into a Residential School, what is our next option ?
Main Stream
What does the law say about improving educational options for deaf children, starting in 1995?
Deaf children should be given respected language interpretation for their communicative needs.
In the NAD’s view, what is the complete opposite of Residential school placement ?
Full Inclusion
Why does NAD view that Full Inclusion is the complete opposite of residential schooling ?
Advocates for DA children set precedent for other specialized groups.
How many graduate school programs for deaf education are here in the US ?
40 College / University programs
Do most of the 40 college graduate programs offer ASL ?
No, most barely mention sign as a mode of communication.
Why are deaf people excited about the BI-BI programs in the US ?
- Bilingual Ed
- Federal Aid
What 6 problems do the NAD cite regarding Interpreting programs and Interpreters ?
- Uncertified Int. hired
- Shortage
- Cost
- Benefits to Interpreters suck
- Program not practical enough
- no consumer complaint procedure works
What is the concept “Of, By and For the Deaf” ?
Org. Staffed by Deaf people, for Deaf people.
What is on the top of the Deaf agenda ?
To head their child to education for acquiring language.
How many colleges offer ASL ?
More than 1 Thousand !
What is the Goal of Deaf studies ?
To better understand the lives of Deaf people to improve their lot.
Hearing professionals, working with deaf clients, can’t do their job effectively if they ____________ .
Are ignorant of the language/Culture of the people they profess to serve.
Perhaps the greatest hope for avoiding damaging conflict is our _________ _________ for human differences.
Mutual Respect
What is the best solution the book authors propose for Deaf Children ?
-Alliances between Hearing/Deaf lie in the creation of the BI-BI education for deaf children. This allows both cultures to receive respect.
Who invented the TTY?
Robert Weitbrecht
How were many Latinx Deaf Identified formally as in Education, beginning 1972 ?
Educable Mentally Retarded
Black Deaf were prohibited from joining NAD in what year ?
1968
What are the 4 barriers that Black Deaf face in college ?
- Socioeconomic Status
- Lack of Edu./Finances
- Accessibility
- Low expectation
Why is silence so powerful w/ Asian American Deaf ?
Silence represents the power of speech in ASL as well as caring/ respectful action.
Where/How is Native American Sign Language used ?
Used in the West US for settlers and tribes.
(T/F): Some transmitters can have duel purpose ?
(T) hence the name DUEL TRANSMITTER !!
Sherman Indian HS, in Riverside, helped to convert __________ Culture into __________ Culture beginning 1897.
Indian Culture into Hearing Culture
Hearing families often denied their deaf children , what ?
Job knowledge
Skills
Connections
Employment became a pressing issue for deaf, and their organizations made them , what?
Competent and Reliable employees.
In 1890, The civil service commission maintained a lengthy list of conditions that Disqualified some DA including, what ?
Blindness
Paralysis
Epilepsy
Loss of limbs
Fall of 1906, what did the civil service commission add to the list of conditions ?
Total deafness
Loss of speech
George Veditz was president of NAD from when to when ?
1904-1910
What did George Veditz advocate for ?
Deaf employment and language access.
George Veditz did what to warn deaf about the decline of deaf employment through the Fed Gov.?
Submitted articles
When Deaf leaders turned to lobby for the presidential candidates, in 1908, which president sided w/ them ?
William Taft
Veditz saw that 1908 president ____________ was their best bet in rescinding the old ruling on deaf qualifications.
William Taft
Most Hearing were naturally told to think that _____ _________ was best for their child. Leaving Deaf helpless.
Oral Communication
Serious car accidents ____________ w/ the number of cars in the early 20th C.
Increased
Deafness became an issue w/ the distribution of licenses as well as the deaf use of , what 3 things ?
Phone
Radio
Movie theatre
Deaf were seen as “…” after the statistics from a Philadelphia Report in 1929.
not a driving hazard
What world wars offered jobs for deaf people while the original workers were deployed ?
Both WWI and WWII
Which BIG car companies recruited Deaf people during the war in Akron, Ohio ?
Firestone and Goodyear
What advantages did the Akron, Ohio Deaf have that we’re all in sign ?
Churches Films/Theatre Lectures Dances Literary clubs
Which School Alumni worked @ the Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co.?
Kentucky School for the Deaf
Deaf participated in rallies for THIS in support of the war. Scrap metal was also saved for the war benefit.
Industrial work
During the war, this changed as most Hearing, male instructors were enlisted.
Education
Although many deaf lost their jobs due to the original workers coming back from war, hearing began to challenge the prejudice of _______ _________.
Deaf workers
Deaf started to establish THIS for community life as big as full buildings.
Deaf clubs
Deaf clubs helped to site social events like , what 4 things ?
Athletic events
Picnics
Debates
Group outings
This association helped to start break the limited membership on race.
NAD
Many Deaf Club members saw themselves as THIS.
Ex-oral
Which 3 jobs were most sought out for deaf people from NAD’s help ?
Printing
Ship building
Tire building
Deaf communities across the country recognized the need to provide THIS for their members.
Retirement homes
Elderly deaf had no meaningful communication w/ _______ Or _________.
Staff or Residents
_________ actors played the role of deaf people. The hearing perspective of deaf people was placed on those actors.
Hearing
While most deaf were suppressed by the view of THIS , most Hearing adopted the idea.
Something missing
What was the name of William Stokoe’s hitting research on language in 1960 ?
ASL Structure: An outline of the visual communication systems of the American Deaf
How long was the projected time before Stokoe’s work was widely recognized and some misunderstandings about ASL reversed ?
Decades !
“Many Deaf were upset when Stokoe suggested sign a language.”
- ???
Tom Humphries
“The ______ _________ ___________ realized that signing was an important theme.”
-???
- Deaf education community
- Jaime Tucker
Some of the credit for the general public’s acceptance of ASL can be attributed to THIS .
the National Theater of the Deaf
“Many of us were embarrassed to sign. [We would keep it secret].
-???
Rosalyn L. Gannon
When was Children if a lesser god premiered on Broadway and Film ?
BW-(1980)
Film-(1986)
Schools in the south were segregated by ________ and ________ on campus.
Race and ability
What Supreme Justice case helped to desegregate these schools, until 1978?
Brown v Board of Education
For deaf children, desegregation meant sharing ________ and ______ rooms.
Classes and Dorm rooms
Deaf had problems w/ contacting THIS because of the telephone.
Emergency services
Robert Weitbrecht invents TTY in _____ w/ help from what 2 people?
- 1964
- James Marsters and Andrew Saks
By the mid-1980’s, what was in widespread use in the homes of deaf people and in many businesses and government agencies ?
TTY’s
In 1990, the passage of THIS ensured universal relay access.
ADA
What services are wide range for peoples use ?
Fax
Email
VRS
The number of deaf students rose because of what disease that affects the baby within the 3rd trimester of the mothers pregnancy ?
Rubella
In 1975, what law passed for the education of handicapped children ?
Public Law 94-I42
When did Lyndon B. Johnson sign the NTID Act ?
June 8, 1965
In the 1950’s, the experimental surgery for what was performed on adults in France ?
CI surgery
What year was the first CI used for children in France ?
1977
How was the CI viewed by the Deaf community ?
As a rejection of Deaf culture and self value
NAD recognizes that WHO are misinformed about deaf heritage and values ?
Hearing Parents of Deaf children
NAD developed a new position on the support of the whole child and of THIS .
Language and Literacy
What year was DPN ?
1988
What 4 student leaders emerged from the support of DPN ?
B.Bourne
J.Covell
G.Hlibok
Tim Rarus
What were the 4 demands for DPN ?
- A deaf president in replacement for Zinzer
- Spilman’s resignation
- for 51% of the board to be deaf
- No reprisals/suspensions for anyone in the protest
DPN was more than a simple protest. It would have THIS far beyond Wash. DC.
Ramifications
What helped DPN come through ?
Help from staff and students. As well as the DPN Assoc.
DPN’s goals were timely, persuasive and THIS
Clearly defined.
“This is the Emancipation Proclamation for disabled Americans.”
- ??? (Iowa Senator)
Senator Tom Harkin
ADA was signed by , who ?
George HW Bush in 1990
“NAD working w/ DA advocacy organizations was instrumental in pushing for the passage of ADA in 1990.”
-??? (NAD Exec.)
Nancy J. Bloch
In 1990, Dr. I King Jourdan spoke on the steps of WHERE in support of the ADA ruling ?
The US Capital building in Wash. DC
A law passed that required all TV screens have THIS, 13inches or wider. This also decreased the number of deaf club attendance.
Closed Captioning
“Instant captions are great but they take away from the fellowship.”
Jack R. Gannon
“There will always be deafness and a need for Deaf to understand Deaf.”
-???
I king Jourdan
In 1989, Gallaudet hosted an International festival called what ?
“The Deaf Way”
How many people were in attendance for the Festival “The Deaf way”?
5 Thousand People
When did NAD launch their film project for The Deaf Way ?
1910
The Video Relay Service (VRS) Co. Wyntell what used when?
The early 90’s
TRS pays how much a minute ?
45¢ / min
VCO stands for what ?
Voice Carry Over
What are the 5 programs in the DCS family services Department ?
- Hand in Hand
- E5 after school program
- Deaf youth Literary Camp
- Early Intervention Deaf Monitor Group
- Family ASL classes
What are the 2 newer services in the Interpreting Department that DCS is offering ?
CC
Video Remote Interpreting (VRI)
What year was GLAD established and for what purpose ?
EST. 1969 to ensure equal access to D/HH.
What Federal Act governs the Department of Rehab (DOR) ?
The Rehabilitation Act If 1973
What does IPE stand for and who does it benefit ?
The Individualized Plan for Employment benefits Individuals w/ DA in holding a job
An ASL bill passed in CA Legislator in what year?
1988
How many students were enrolled into ASL classes in 1990?
18 students
How many students were enrolled into ASL classes in 2002 ?
60,781 students
What was the total number of students that accept asl as a 2nd language ?
146
Asl is the _____ between French and Spanish for language enrollment other than English.
3rd
ASL enrollment for a 2016 study showed ________ students were enrolled into ASL classes in the entire US.
107,060 students
What are the 3 sign languages that are shared in the US ?
- ASL
- MVSL
- Hawaiian Sign (HSL)
Who was the first full time ASL teacher for adults in Mesa College ? (1979)
Dr. David McKee
What is the current challenge in ASL teaching ?
The difficulty of keeping up with the supply and demand for ASL teachers in HS locally and nationally.
