ch.11

Question 1

surface water

Answer 1

fresh water on Earth’s land surface

Question 2

river system

Answer 2

they form a flowing network of water

Question 3

watershed

Answer 3

area of land that is drained by a river

Question 4

groundwater

Answer 4

fresh water that is available for human use cannot be seen—it exists underground

Question 5

aquifer

Answer 5

An underground formation that contains groundwater

Question 6

porosity

Answer 6

percentage of the total volume of a rock that has spaces (pores). Water in an aquifer is stored in the pore spaces and flows from one pore space to another

Question 7

permeability

Answer 7

ability of rock or soil to allow water to flow through

Question 8

recharge zone

Answer 8

An area of Earth’s surface from which water percolates down into an aquifer

Question 9

potable

Answer 9

safe to drink

Question 10

pathogen

Answer 10

pound in water contaminated by sewage or animal feces

Question 11

dam

Answer 11

built across rivers to control the river’s flow

Question 12

Reservoirs

Answer 12

river is dammed, an artificial lake

Question 13

desalination

Answer 13

process of removing salt from saltwater

Question 14

water pollution

Answer 14

introduction of chemical, physical, or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and harm the organisms that depend on the water

Question 15

point source pollution

Answer 15

a single source, such as a factory, a wastewater treatment plant, or a leaking oil tanker

Question 16

non point source pollution

Answer 16

runoff pollution, comes from many different sources that are often difficult to identify

Question 17

wastewater

Answer 17

water that contains waste from homes or industry

Question 18

artificial eutrophication

Answer 18

Eutrophication is accelerated when inorganic plant nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, enter the water from sewage and fertilizer runoff.

Question 19

thermal pollution

Answer 19

temperature of a body of water, such as a lake or stream, increases

Question 20

biomagnification

Answer 20

concentration of the pesticide that is passed on to the next organism in the food chain increases