CH10_Between-Subjects Factorial Design

Question 1

What do we call designs in which we study two or more independent variables at the same time?

Answer 1

Factorial designs

Question 2

What is the term for the IV in factorial designs?

Answer 2

Factors.

Each factor will have 2 or more values or levels.

Question 3

What do we call the simplest factorial design that has only two factors?

Answer 3

Two-factor experiment.

Question 4

What are two kinds of information we get from results of a factorial experiment?

Answer 4

1. Information about the effects of each independent variable in the experiment (this is called main effects);
2. They also enable us to answer the question, “How does the influence of one IV affect the influence of another in the experiment?”

Question 5

What is the term for an interaction effect involving more than two independent variables?

Answer 5

Higher-order interaction

Question 6

What becomes present if the effect of one IV changes across the levels of another IV?

Answer 6

Interaction

Question 7

What is the term for the action of a single independent variable in an experiment, or the change in the dependent variable produced by the various levels of a single factor?

Answer 7

Main effect

We are asking: “How much did the change in this one IV change subjects’ behavior?” A main effect is simply a change in behavior associated with a change in the value of a single IV within the experiment

Question 8

What do we call the system that uses numbers to describe the design of a factorial experiment?

Answer 8

Shorthand notation

Question 9

What is the first step in computing for statistical tests for factorial experiments?

Answer 9

We evaluate the separate impact of each IV in the experiment; we test whether each main effect is statistically significant or not

Question 10

If we conduct an experiment where the DV is rate of conyo language development, and one IV is “Time spent at Gonzaga” while the other is “Time spent eating at JSEC”, how do we phrase the question of how to look at main effects?

Answer 10

Factor 1: How much did the hours spent in Gonzaga affect conyo language development?

Factor 2: How much did the hours spent in JSEC affect conyo language development?

Question 11

T/F: Statistical tests not only determine the main effects for each factor, but also tell us whether the two factors operate independently or not

Answer 11

T.

Question 12

T/F: Whenever an interaction is present in a two-factor experiment, is possible to get a complete picture of the results of the experiment without considering both factors.

Answer 12

F.

It is not. You need to consider both because the effects of one factor will change depending on the levels of the other.

Question 13

T/F: Here’s how factorial math works… when two IVs are present, there is only one possible interaction.

Answer 13

T

Question 14

what is the term for interactions that involve more than two independent variables?

Answer 14

higher-order interactions

Question 15

What statistical test do you use to evaluate significance of interactions and main effects?

Answer 15

ANOVA

Question 16

T/F: It is not possible to get significant main events with no significant interaction.

Answer 16

F.

Many possible outcomes can occur with the significance of main effects and interactions.

Question 17

Factor is to independent variable as levels is to _____

Answer 17

Condition. Or values.

Question 18

T/F: Unless a factorial experiment is conducted, interaction effects will not be discovered.

Answer 18

T.

Question 19

What do we call a simple diagram that will make it easier to understand what we are testing, what kind of design we are using, and how many treatment conditions are required?

Answer 19

A design matrix.

Question 20

T/F: You can use a design matrix to describe the design of a factorial experiment in a report.

Answer 20

F.

Instead, there are special techniques used to describe factorial designs in a way that corresponds to the statistical analyses that are needed to analyze them.

Question 21

What do we call an experiment involving three independent variables?

Answer 21

A three-factor experiment