Ch.10.7 Endocrine System

Question 1

Glucagon, insulin, calcitonin, and parathyroid hormone are all _______hormones.

Answer 1

Peptide hormones

Question 2

All steroid hormones are either made by the adrenal ________(glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgenic steroids) or by the ____________organs

Answer 2

adrenal cortex, reproductive organs

Question 3

What type of steroids are nonepinephrine and epinephrine?

Answer 3

Amino acid derived hormones

Question 4

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and (can/cannot?) travel freely in the bloodstream like peptide hormones.

Answer 4

Cannot.

Question 5

Steroid hormones require a ______to help shield them from the water-based blood.

Answer 5

Carrier

Question 6

Amino acid derived hormones are primarily derived from the amino acid ________, and synthesized in the _______ and _______.

Answer 6

tyrosine, rough ER, cytosol

Question 7

The sites of amino acid-derived hormone production are:

Answer 7

The adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine).
The thyroid gland (T3 and T4).
The pineal gland (melatonin).

Question 8

Which class of hormones does FSH belong to?

Answer 8

Peptide

Question 9

Which hormone plays an important role in follicle growth in females and maturation of sperms in males?

Answer 9

FSH

Question 10

Which steroid stimulates milk letdown?

Answer 10

Oxytocin.

Question 11

What 3 main hormones are secreted by the thyroid gland?

Answer 11

T3-Triiodothyronine, T4-Thyroxine, Calcitonin

Question 12

Where is calcitonin secreted from?

Answer 12

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid

Question 13

What secretes digestive enzymes through the pancreatic duct into the duodenum of the small intestine?

Answer 13

Exocrine tissue

Question 14

What secretes islets of Langerhans?

Answer 14

Endocrine tissue

Question 15

The endocrine tissue of the pancreas is called the islets of Langerhans, and each cell type secretes a key hormone into the bloodstream. What are the three?

Answer 15

Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

Question 16

Which cells in the islets of Langerhans secrete glucagon? Alpha or Beta

Answer 16

Alpha

Question 17

When blood glucose levels are low, alpha cells secrete glucagon to increase blood glucose levels. Glucagon accomplishes this by stimulating the ____ and ____ to release glucose stores.

Answer 17

Liver and fat

Question 18

Glucose is the body’s main source of energy. After consuming a carbohydrate-rich meal, our body immediately uses some glucose as fuel. The remaining glucose is stored in three ways:
1.The liver stores glucose as _______.
2. Muscle cells store glucose as _______.
3. Adipose (fat) cells convert and store glucose as _______.

Answer 18

1. The liver stores glucose as glycogen.
2. Muscle cells store glucose as glycogen.
3. Adipose (fat) cells convert and store glucose as triglycerides.